Nanotechnology in early diagnosis of gastro intestinal cancer surgery through CNN and ANN-extreme gradient boosting

Y. Wenjing,T. Yuhan,Y. Zhiang,T. Shanhui,L. Shijun,M. Sharaf Techno-Press 2023 Advances in nano research Vol.15 No.5

Gastrointestinal cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive system that poses a severe health risk to humans. Due to the specific organ structure of the gastrointestinal system, both endoscopic and MRI diagnoses of GIC have limited sensitivity. The primary factors influencing curative efficacy in GIC patients are drug inefficacy and high recurrence rates in surgical and pharmacological therapy. Due to its unique optical features, good biocompatibility, surface effects, and small size effects, nanotechnology is a developing and advanced area of study for the detection and treatment of cancer. Because of its deep location and complex surgery, diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal cancer is very difficult. The early diagnosis and urgent treatment of gastrointestinal illness are enabled by nanotechnology. As diagnostic and therapeutic tools, nanoparticles directly target tumor cells, allowing their detection and removal. XGBoost was used as a classification method known for achieving numerous winning solutions in data analysis competitions, to capture nonlinear relations among many input variables and outcomes using the boosting approach to machine learning. The research sample included 300 GC patients, comprising 190 males (72.2% of the sample) and 110 women (27.8%). Using convolutional neural networks (CNN) and artificial neural networks (ANN)-EXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), the patients mean± SD age was 50.42 ± 13.06. High-risk behaviors (P = 0.070), age at diagnosis (P = 0.037), distant metastasis (P = 0.004), and tumor stage (P = 0.015) were shown to have a statistically significant link with GC patient survival. AUC was 0.92, sensitivity was 81.5%, specificity was 90.5%, and accuracy was 84.7 when analyzing stomach picture.

Principles and applications of nanomaterial-based hyperthermia in cancer therapy

Jin Kook Kang,Jae Chang Kim,Yuseon Shin,Sang Myung Han,Woong Roeck Won,Jaewon Her,박준용,Kyung Taek Oh 대한약학회 2020 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.43 No.1

Over the past few decades, hyperthermia therapy(HTT) has become one of the most promising strategies totreat cancer. HTT has been applied with nanotechnologyto overcome drawbacks such as non-selectivity and invasivenessand to maximize therapeutic effi cacy. The hightemperature of HTT induces protein denaturation that leadsto apoptosis or necrosis. It can also enhance the eff ects ofother cancer therapies because heat-damaged tissues reduceradioresistance and help accumulate anticancer drugs. Goldnanoparticles and superparamagnetic iron oxide with differentenergy sources are commonly used as hyperthermiaagents. New types of nanoparticles such as those whose surfaceis coated with several polymers and those modifi ed withtargeting moieties have been studied as novel HTT agents. In this review, we introduce principles and applications ofnanotechnology-based HTT using gold nanoparticles andsuperparamagnetic iron oxide.

Layer-by-Layer Assembled Antisense DNA Microsponge Particles for Efficient Delivery of Cancer Therapeutics

Roh, Young Hoon,Lee, Jong Bum,Shopsowitz, Kevin E.,Dreaden, Erik C.,Morton, Stephen W.,Poon, Zhiyong,Hong, Jinkee,Yamin, Inbar,Bonner, Daniel K.,Hammond, Paula T. American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.10

<P/><P>Antisense oligonucleotides can be employed as a potential approach to effectively treat cancer. However, the inherent instability and inefficient systemic delivery methods for antisense therapeutics remain major challenges to their clinical application. Here, we present a polymerized oligonucleotides (ODNs) that self-assemble during their formation through an enzymatic elongation method (rolling circle replication) to generate a composite nucleic acid/magnesium pyrophosphate sponge-like microstructure, or DNA microsponge, yielding high molecular weight nucleic acid product. In addition, this densely packed ODN microsponge structure can be further condensed to generate polyelectrolyte complexes with a favorable size for cellular uptake by displacing magnesium pyrophosphate crystals from the microsponge structure. Additional layers are applied to generate a blood-stable and multifunctional nanoparticle <I>via</I> the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique. By taking advantage of DNA nanotechnology and LbL assembly, functionalized DNA nanostructures were utilized to provide extremely high numbers of repeated ODN copies for efficient antisense therapy. Moreover, we show that this formulation significantly improves nucleic acid drug/carrier stability during <I>in vivo</I> biodistribution. These polymeric ODN systems can be designed to serve as a potent means of delivering stable and large quantities of ODN therapeutics systemically for cancer treatment to tumor cells at significantly lower toxicity than traditional synthetic vectors, thus enabling a therapeutic window suitable for clinical translation.</P>

Hyaluronan Drug Delivery Systems are Promising for Cancer Therapy Because of Their Selective Attachment, Enhanced Uptake, and Superior Efficacy

Kush Shah,Douglas Crowder,Jean Overmeyer,William Maltese,Yang Yun 대한의용생체공학회 2015 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.5 No.2

The emergence of nanomedicine and nanotechnology has started to change the clinical approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Innovations include drug targeting and enhanced efficacy. A drug carrier that has many desired properties for nanomedicine is hyaluronan. It has high affinity for water, does not induce an immunological response for high molecular weight hyaluronan, and possesses functional groups for drug conjugation. Furthermore, many carcinomas naturally overexpress hyaluronan receptors. Therefore, hyaluronan is an attractive biopolymer for formulating drug delivery devices and has been chemically modified to make liposomes, nanoparticles, and pendant-chain systems. Hyaluronan is even being developed as an excipient to enhance the effectiveness of drugs. These results merit the commercialization of hyaluronan-based nanotechnology.

Engineered nanoparticles to enhance natural killer cell activity towards onco-immunotherapy: A review

Cao Dai Phung,Tuan Hiep Tran,Jong Oh Kim 대한약학회 2020 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.43 No.1

Natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as apotent alternative immunotherapeutic approach to T celltherapy for cancer. Despite promising results from preclinicaland clinical studies, numerous challenges have limitedthe application of NK cell-based therapy, including poorexpansion of NK cells in vitro, their short in vivo life span,time-intensiveness, treatment complexities, and the costburden of the treatment. Recent advancements in the developmentof immune cell-delivering nanosystems have ledto promising strategies to overcome these limitations andenhance NK cell toxicity towards cancer cells. This reviewfi rst summarizes the biological roles of NK cells and theirtumoricidal mechanisms. NK cells, in the context of theimmune system and the tumor microenvironment, havereportedly provided novel insights into specifi c therapeutictargets. Eventually, various strategies targeting NK cellsusing nanoplatforms to modulate the NK cell responses foreff ective cancer immunotherapy are described herein. Altogether,this review discusses the potential of nanotechnologyin advancements in NK cell-based onco-immunotherapy .

Review : Nanotechnology in Cancer Therapy: Overview and Applications

( Eun Joo Choi ) 한국약제학회 2011 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.41 No.2

Nanotechnology for cancer therapy is playing a pivotal role in dramatically improving current approaches to cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapy while reducing toxic side effects associated with previous cancer therapy. A widespread understanding of these new technologies will lead to develop the more refined design of optimized nanoparticles with improved selectivity, efficacy and safety in the clinical practice of oncology. This review provides an integrated overview of applications and advances of nanotechnology in cancer therapy, based on molecular diagnostics, treatment, monitoring, target drug delivery, approved nanoparticle-based chemotherapeutic agents, and current clinical trials in the development of nanomedicine and ultimately personalized medicine.

Nanoparticle Induced Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cells: Adding New Pieces to an Incomplete Jigsaw Puzzle

Nogueira, Daniele Rubert,Rolim, Clarice M. Bueno,Farooqi, Ammad Ahmad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12

Nanotechnology is an emerging field with many promising applications in drug delivery systems. Because of outstanding developments in this field, rapidly increasing research is directed to the development of nanocarriers that may enhance the availability of drugs to the target sites. Substantial fraction of information has been added into the existing scientific literature focusing on the fact that nanoparticles usually generate reactive oxygen species to a greater extent than micro-sized particles. It is worth mentioning that oxidative stress regulates an array of cell signaling cascades that resulted in cancer cell damage. Accumulating experimental evidence over the years has shown that wide-ranging biological mechanisms are triggered by these NPs in cultured cells due to the unique properties of engineered nanoparticles. In this review, we have attempted to provide an overview of the signaling cascades that are activated by oxidative stress in cancer cells in response to different kinds of nanomaterials, including quantum dots, metallic and polymeric nanoparticles.

Recent insights into nanotechnology development for detection and treatment of colorectal cancer

Viswanath, Buddolla,Kim, Sanghyo,Lee, Kiyoung Dove Medical Press 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.11 No.-

<P>The global incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is 1.3 million cases. It is the third most frequent cancer in males and females. Most CRCs are adenocarcinomas and often begin as a polyp on the inner wall of the rectum or colon. Some of these polyps become malignant, eventually. Detecting and removing these polyps in time can prevent CRC. Therefore, early diagnosis of CRC is advantageous for preventive and instant action interventions to decrease the mortality rates. Nanotechnology has been enhancing different methods for the detection and treatment of CRCs, and the research has provided hope within the scientific community for the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review presents the recent development of nanotechnology for the detection and treatment of CRC.</P>

TRAIL Mediated Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer

Nogueira, Daniele Rubert,Yaylim, Ilhan,Aamir, Qurratulain,Kahraman, OzlemTimirci,Fayyaz, Sundas,Naqvi, Syed Kamran-Ul-Hassan,Farooqi, Ammad Ahmad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

Research over the years has progressively shown substantial broadening of the tumor necrosis factor alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated signaling landscape. Increasingly it is being realized that pancreatic cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease. Suppression of tumor suppressors, overexpression of oncogenes, epigenetic silencing, and loss of apoptosis are some of the extensively studied underlying mechanisms. Rapidly accumulating in vitro and in vivo evidence has started to shed light on the resistance mechanisms in pancreatic cancer cells. More interestingly a recent research has opened new horizons of miRNA regulation by DR5 in pancreatic cancer cells. It has been shown that DR5 interacts with the core microprocessor components Drosha and DGCR8, thus impairing processing of primary let-7. Xenografting DR5 silenced pancreatic cancer cells in SCID-mice indicated that there was notable suppression of tumor growth. There is a paradigm shift in our current understanding of TRAIL mediated signaling in pancreatic cancer cells that is now adding new layers of concepts into the existing scientific evidence. In this review we have attempted to provide an overview of recent advances in TRAIL mediated signaling in pancreatic cancer as evidenced by findings of in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, we discuss nanotechnological advances with emphasis on PEG-TRAIL and four-arm PEG cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels to improve availability of TRAIL at target sites.

Modulating gut microbiota using nanotechnology to increase anticancer efficacy of the treatments

Abduladheem Turki Jalil,Shahad N. Thabit,Zaman Kareem Hanan,Mohammed Qasim Alasheqi,Abdul Kareem J. Al‑Azzawi,Rahman S. Zabibah,Ali A. Fadhil 한국고분자학회 2023 Macromolecular Research Vol.31 No.8

Recent clinical and pathological evidence has implicated the gut microbiota as an interplay for regulating human body homeostasis, influencing conditions ranging from cancer and dementia to obesity and social behavior. It has the potential to influence cancer prognosis and the results of cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. A growing body of evidence suggests that modulating the gut microbiota can improve the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Nanomedicine has emerged as one of the most promising technologies for modernizing traditional approaches. Accordingly, specific attention has been grabbed toward using nanomaterials to modulate the gut microbiota to enhance the anticancer treatment efficacy. The critical roles of gut microbiota in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and various cancer therapies are first introduced in this review. Following that, nanomedicine advances that improve cancer therapy efficacy by modulating or engineering gut microbiota are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of using nanomedicine to target gut microbiota for cancer prevention and treatment are briefly discussed. Although there are some review papers in this concept, but there are room for further clarification to shed light on the way cross-talk between gut microbiota and cancer and, more specifically, modulating effects and emerging roles of nanomaterials.