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IT 서비스업의 글로벌 무역 네트워크 및 부가가치 무역의 특징 분석
최종일 한일경상학회 2022 韓日經商論集 Vol.96 No.-
Purpose: In order to take into account the importance of the IT services industry related to the 4th industrialrevolution and to supplement the limitations of the export/import analysis based on gross export statistics, weattempted to analyze the status and features of the value-added export network of IT services industry. Through thetrade network analysis, we suggest the necessity of policies to foster the IT service industry and provide policyrecommendations for industrial development. Research design, data, and methodology: This study uses the 2005 and 2014 World Input-Output Table (WIOT) todecompose gross exports into value-added exports according to gross exports decomposition methodology. We thenobtain the world trade matrix based on the domestic value-added statistics. By applying network analysismethodology to the world trade matrix, the characteristics and changes of the global value-added trade in IT servicesindustry were identified through centrality analysis and core-periphery analysis. In addition, this study identified thestatus of Korea and Japan’s IT services industry in the world value-added trade network. Results: The countries with the greatest influence in terms of domestic value-added exports in the IT services industryare the European Union (EU), the United States (USA), the United Kingdom (GBR), Canada (CAN), and India (IND). Incontrast to the IT manufacturing industry, where Korea, Japan, and China were among the core countries, Korea,Japan, and China were not among the core countries and remain as peripheral countries in the IT services industry. The ratio of domestic value-added exports to gross exports in Korea’s IT services industry is lower than that of theEU, USA, Japan, and China, and the ratio of foreign value-added exports to gross exports is higher than that of theUSA, Japan, and China. This fact can be seen as a structure in which Korea’s IT services firms import and inputintermediate goods from abroad and then export the processed final goods to the global market. Implications: Since the early 2,000s, Korea’s IT industry’s production and exports have grown significantly in volume,and its influence has been greatly strengthened in the global IT market. However, the strengthening of Korea’sinfluence on the global trade in the IT industry is mainly due to the growth of IT manufacturing industry, and thecompetitiveness imbalance between IT manufacturing and IT services industry is very severe. Therefore, it is necessaryto take measures to strengthen the competitiveness of Korea’s IT services industry. First, it is necessary to overcomethe foreign value-added import - processing production structure and strengthen value-added production capacity byinvesting in the improvement of human capital and technology in the IT services and software fields. Second, it isnecessary to promote the globalization of firms through export support measures for the IT services industry. In fact,while major Korean firms have IT services affiliates, the sales of these affiliates are stable, and there is no incentive for
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망 이용대가 법제화 논의 및 관련 국제통상규범에 대한 소고 -전기통신사업법 개정안을 중심으로-
정누리 충남대학교 법학연구소 2024 法學硏究 Vol.35 No.3
망 사용료 논쟁은 기술 발전과 인터넷 사용 패턴 변화에 따라 지속적으로 변화할 가능성이 크며, 특히 고속 인터넷망의 보급으로 인터넷서비스제공자(ISP)와 콘텐츠사업자(CP) 간의 이해관계 충돌이 더욱 심화될 수 있어 보인다. 한국의 경우, 특히 미국의 빅테크 기업들을 위시한 글로벌 CP가 유발하는 대량의 트래픽을 두고 관련 문제가 제기되어 왔다. 국내에서 해당 쟁점이 본격적으로 논의되기 시작한 이래 지난 제21대 국회에서 관련하여 전기통신사업법에 대한 총 8건의 본건 개정안이 발의되었다. 그리고 2024년 8월 8일 본건 개정안과 흡사한 제안이유 및 주요내용의 동법 개정안이 금번 제22대 국회에서 새로이 발의되었다. 본 논문은 본건 개정안을 GATS 및 한미 FTA를 중심으로 국제통상법적 측면에서 살펴보고자 한다. 이에 대한 본격적인 논의에 앞서, 본 논문은 먼저 해당 논의의 배경 및 본건 개정안의 주요 개정사항과 관련된 국제통상법적 쟁점을 간략히 개관한다. 그리고 본 논문은 본건 개정안과 관련된 서비스 분야에 대한 한국의 양허 현황을 검토한 후 본건 개정안의 주요 국제통상규범 위배 여부를 고찰하고 제언해 보고자 한다. 비록 본건 개정안 자체는 해당 국회의 임기만료로 더 이상 유효하지 않지만, 본 논문에서 이루어진 본건 개정안에 대한 고찰은 금번 발의된 개정안을 위시한 향후 그와 유사한 내용의 입법시도에도 여전히 유효하게 적용 및 원용될 수 있을 것으로 기대해 본다. The debate over network usage fees is likely to continue evolving in response to technological advancements and changes in internet usage patterns. Particularly, the widespread adoption of high-speed internet networks may further intensify the conflicts of interest between internet service providers (ISPs) and content providers (CPs). In South Korea, relevant problems have been raised regarding the large amount of traffic generated by global CPs, especially major U.S. Big Tech companies. Since the issue began to be seriously discussed in South Korea, a total of eight legislative bills were proposed in the 21st National Assembly to amend the Telecommunications Business Act. On August 8, 2024, a new legislative bill to amend the Act was lately introduced with the similar main objectives and contents as before in the 22nd National Assembly. This paper aims to examine those eight bills from the perspective of international trade law, focusing on the GATS and the Korea-U.S. FTA. Before delving into a detailed discussion, the paper first provides an overview of the background of the debate and the major international trade law issues related to the bills. Subsequently, the paper reviews South Korea’s commitments in the relevant services sectors relating to the bills, and then explore whether the bills violate any major international trade regulations, concluding with suggestions for further action. Although the eight bills themselves are no longer valid due to the expiration of the 21st National Assembly’s term, the analysis of these bills conducted in this paper is expected to remain effectively applicable to future legislative attempts with similar contents, including the recently introduced new bill.
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