태극권 건강원리와 메커니즘에 대한 연구

인전,왕칭허 사단법인 한국안전문화학회 2024 안전문화연구 Vol.- No.26

Tai Chi is widely noted as a traditional Chinese method of exercise. As more and more people begin to practice Tai Chi for the purpose of improving their health, researchers are constantly exploring the health effects of tai Chi. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to make a more comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the health principles of Tai Chi through various research methods. The research methods include literature research and observation method, interview and logical analysis research. First, the researcher read various literature and conducted prior research to obtain information on the health principles of Tai Chi, conducted interviews with tai Chi experts, and obtained the health principles of Tai Chi training. In addition, he watched a video clip of tai Chi training and analyzed the movements of Tai Chi, and understood the movements and the dynamics of tai Chi movement by watching tai Chi in the field. Thus analyzed and summarized the health mechanism of Tai Chi using logical analysis method finally. Research shows that 1) Tai Chi is an aerobic exercise. 2) Tai Chi movement is resistance training, the activity area of the movement is multifaceted. 3) Tai Chi exercises the body's ability to brace and balance. 4) Tai Chi's breathing style is abdominal breathing, which exercises the practitioner's ability to breathe. 5) The process of doing Tai Chi is a process of accepting and improving ideas. 6) Tai Chi can exercise will power. 7) Tai Chi is an active mode of practice. Conclusion The health mechanism of Tai Chi is reflected from two aspects, physiological and psychological, so it is easy to learn and does not have high requirements for training objects, so its physical and mental health value is very high.

여성노인의 아이치운동과 타이치운동이 심박변이도에 미치는 영향

이시경 한국보건복지학회 2019 보건과 복지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 여성 노인을 대상으로 8주간 지상운동인 Tai chi 프로그램을 13명, 수중운동인 Ai Chi 프로그램을 12명으로 나누어 적용한 후 대상자의 자율신경계 활성도를 측정하기 위해 심박변이에 관한 변수를 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 시간영역 분석에서 Tai Chi와 Ai Chi 모두 유산소운동으로 평균 심박동수가 증가하였다(p<.05). SDNN(Standard Deviation of NN interval)경우 Ai Chi 수중운동에서만 통계적으로 유의한 감소가 타나났다(p<.05). 주파수영역 분석에서 Tai Chi와 Ai Chi 모두 LF(Low Frequence)는 감소하였고 유의하였다(p<.05). Tai Chi와 Ai Chi 모두 HF(High Frequence)는 증가하였으나 통계적 유의성은 없다(p>.05). LF/HF ratio는 실험 전과 8주 후 비교에서 증가하였지만, 통계적 유의성은 없다(p>.05). 지상운동인 Tai Chi와 수중운동인 Ai Chi 모두 유산소운동의 여성 노인에게 적합하고 심박동수의 증가와 함께 자율신경계의 활성화를 도모할 수 있어 노인뿐만 아니라 심혈관질환이 있는 환자 등 에게도 매우 안전하고 적합한 운동임을 알 수 있고 치료목적으로 활용할 수 있는 효과적 중재 방안이라고 생각한다. This study applied the Tai Chi program, a ground exercise, for eight weeks to female senior citizens, divided it into 13 people and the Ai Chi program, an underwater exercise, to 12, and analyzed variables on heart rate variation to measure the autonomic nervous system activity of the subjects. The results are as follows. In the time domain analysis, both Tai Chi and Ai Chi increased the mean heart rate due to aerobic exercise (p<.05). In case of SDN (Standard Deviation of NN interval) only a statistically significant decrease was found in the Ai Chi underwater movement (p<.05). In frequency domain analysis, both Tai Chi and Ai Chi decreased LF (Low Frequency) and noted (p<.05). Both Tai Chi and Ai Chi have increased high frequency (HF) but have no statistical significance (p>.05). The LF/HF ratio increased in comparison eight weeks before and after the experiment, but has no statistical significance (p>.05). I think it is an effective intervention method that can be found to be very safe and suitable not only for the elderly but also for patients with cardiovascular diseases, as both the ground motion, Tai Chi and the underwater movement Ai Chi, are suitable for the elderly in aerobic exercise and can promote activation of the autonomic nervous system along with an increase in heart rate.

Predicament, Opportunity and Path: Reflections on the Development of Tai Chi in the New Era

LI Qun,FENG CHAO-Hai,LEI Tao,WU Zh-iheng,SU Jian-jiao 아시아건강운동학회 2021 Journal of Asian Society for Health & Exercise Vol.3 No.2

The new era has entrusted the era mission of high-quality development of Tai Chi. Standing in a new historical position, this thesis uses the method of literature and logical analysis to explore the realistic difficulties, opportunities of the times and breakthrough paths in the development of Tai Chi, which is a reflection on the breakthrough of the development of it. The research believes that the development of Tai Chi in the new era has the predicament of slow domestic and international development, the gradual dissipation of martial arts functions, and the gradual weakening of cultural attributes. However, the new era has also brought a new opportunity for the Tai Chi movement to have a clearer development blueprint, a more stable social foundation, and a healthy concept deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The development of Tai Chi in the new era should be guided by a new pattern of domestic development and international promotion. The development of Tai Chi in the new era should be guided by the construction of a new dual-cycle pattern of domestic development and international promotion, the strategy of coordinating the balance of Tai Chi sports competition and fitness functions, and the means of the integration of school education and cultural exchange, so as to realize the high-quality development of Tai Chi.

張三丰의 內丹思想과 太極論

김낙필(Kim Nak Pil) 한국도교문화학회 2007 道敎文化硏究 Vol.27 No.-

明代의 道士 張三?은 내단사상의 발전과정에서 중요한 인물이다. 그는 삼교융합적 시각에 바탕하여 내단사상을 폭넓게 해석하였고 특히 성리학의 심성론과 실천론을 적극 수용하였다. 그는 주로 본성의 자각을 중심으로 한 禪佛敎의 심성수양을 수용하는데 역점을 둔 이전의 관점과는 달리 성리학적 修身의 길을 중시하였다. 그러나 태극에 관해서는 성리학적 입장과는 달리 도교사상가 陳?의 시각을 계승하였다. 陳?은 역학을 활용하여 내단사상을 정초하는 과정에서 無極을 궁극적 존재로, 太極을 무극에서 나온 원기로 받아들였고 이 관점을 張三이 계승한 것이다. 그는 道를 궁극존재로 내세우면서 무극과 태극을 통어하는 존재로 본다. 본연의 性과 命을 닦아 成仙에 이르는 수련과정은 결국 무극ㆍ태극을 회복하여 도와 하나가 되는 길이기도 하다. 張三?의 태극론은 『太極拳經』으로 이어져 태극권의 이론적 바탕으로 활용되었다. 이에 따르면 태극권은 陰陽ㆍ動靜의 균형 있는 수련을 통해 결국 인간의 선천적 생명력을 회복하며 여기서 한 걸음 나아가 우주적 元氣를 회복하는 것을 지향한다고 말할 수 있다. Chang-San-feng, a great Taoist of Ming Dynasty had a considerable influence on taoist history. He interpreted the thought of naetan (internal alchemy) based on the theory of unifying three religions(Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism) into one. Furthermore he accepted positively practical ways of neo-confucianism which made much of human ethics in ordinary life. He appreciated highly neo-confucian ways of practice, while his taoist precedents stressed on enlightenment of human original nature mainly influenced by Zen Buddhism. He followed Chen Tuan’ viewpoint on Tai-chi , which was different from neo-confucian view considering Tai-chi as the great Li(principle of the world). Chen-Tuan used I-ching in order to establish the theoretical basis of naetan. He regarded Wu-ji as the ultimate reality and Tai-chi as the primordial chi originated from Wu- ji. Chang-San-feng aceeped this theory and transmitted to his followers. He suggested Tao as the ultimate reality embracing Wu- ji and Tai-chi. Total process of practice to attain immortality and freedom through Cultivation of mind and training of chi(氣) can be regarded as a way attaining Tao through recovering Tai-chi and Wu-ji. His theory on Tai-chi was followed by Tai-chi-quan ching and used as an theoretical foundation of Tai-chi-quan-ching. According to Tai-chi-quan-ching we can say that Tai-chi-quan aims at recovering human original life-force and finally attaining the primordial chi of the world through harmonious practice of ying and yang or moving and quietness.

태극권의 문화별 국제화 현황

장수창(Zhang, Xiuchang),최준혁(Choi, June-Hyock),김철현(Kim, Chul-Hyun) 한국체육과학회 2020 한국체육과학회지 Vol.29 No.1

In this study we tried to understand the cultural characteristics of Korea and China, and suggested strategies for internationalization development of Tai Chi by exploring effective public relations methods and health effects of Tai Chi. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, Tai Chi experts who are active in China and Korea were selected as research participants and analyzed using interviews and qualitative research methods. The results of the study are as follows. First, visual materials, books, and personal media were used as means of internationalization propagation of Tai Chi in Korea, China and the UK. Second, the international propagation of Tai Chi depends mainly on the government. The representative organizations are International Martial Arts Union, Confucius Institute, and Martial Arts School. Third, the international propagation of Tai Chi promotes mutual exchange and cultural fusion and development among countries. However, there are difficulties in cultivating human resources due to differences in culture and language. Fourth, the present Tai Chi did not have the system of the aspect of medicine. Therefore, the following solutions are needed for the propagation of Tai Chi. A medical system should be established. Internet platform should be built up. Tai Chi textbooks should be unified. Outstanding human resources should be cultivated. Equipment to measure and evaluate Tai Chi effects should be developed. In conclusion, this solution will be helpful for future research related to future Tai Chi propagation strategy.

중국 태극권의 현황 및 발전방안

단빙,김승재,김지훈 대한무도학회 2018 대한무도학회지 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of this study was to find problems of the current tai-chi chuan in Chinese through literature reviews, and then to suggest alternative plans. The problems found were; first, too many new schools and their own modification of tai-chi, second, inaccurate use of the name of tai-chi in many different books, third, motion and form-oriented education, fourth, standardized tai-chi as sports. We suggest alternative plans to overcome these problems as follows. First, to request systematic support and management from government. Second, to enforce registration system in opening new school, Third, to include tai-chi in the regular academic curriculum, Fourth, to develop rules of playing tai-chi with emphasizing the traditionality. To carry out these plans successfully, each traditional school needs to collaborate closely. Chinese government also needs to take the lead in actions for conservation, succession and development of cultural inheritance of tai-chi chuan. 본 연구는 중국 태극권의 현황에 대한 문헌고찰을 통해 문제점들을 파악하고, 발전방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 태극권의 현황을 통해 나타난 문제점은 첫째, 신생 유파들의 난립과 무분별한 태극권 변형, 둘째, 태극권의 명칭이 혼용된 서적의 증가, 셋째, 동작과 자세 위주가 된 대학의 태극권교육, 넷째, 획일화 된 경기 태극권이다. 이러한 태극권의 문제를 극복하고, 발전하기 위해서 다음과 같은 방법을 제시한다. 첫째, 태극권이 정부 차원의 체계적인 지원과 관리가 필요하다. 둘째, 태극권 등록제를 시행하여 신생 태극권의 부문별한 확장을 억제하고, 명칭의 혼용을 막아야 한다. 셋째, 태극권 교육을 정규교육과정 속에 포함하여 문화유산으로써 보전과 전승에 대한 인식의 기틀을 마련해야 한다. 넷째, 전통성을 강화한 태극권 경기방식으로 변화를 모색해야 한다. 이를 위해서 각각의 전통 태극권 유파들의 긴밀한 협력이 필요하며, 중국 정부는 태극권 문화의 보전, 계승, 발전을 위해 적극적으로 나서야 한다.

Current Status, Hot Spots and Frontiers of Tai Chi for Health Research in Domestic and international - Visual knowledge mapping analysis based on domestic and international core database literature

Yanyan Shao,Yexu Li,Xingnian Long 아시아건강운동학회 2021 Journal of Asian Society for Health & Exercise Vol.3 No.1

PURPOSE: Through the visual analysis of health promotion in Tai Chi, it provides a reference for future tapping into the scientific fitness efficacy of Tai Chi, and provides a reference meaning and theoretical reference value for the contemporary transmission of Tai Chi. METHODS: The study used CiteSpace and Excel as research tools to conduct a visual comparative analysis of the current status, hot spots, trends and frontiers of research in the field of Tai Chi health promotion based on core database literature at home and abroad. RESULTS: The study found that a cooperative network was formed between domestic and foreign authors and institutions on tai chi health promotion research, and there was a trend of integration of body medicine, but the foreign cooperative network was more obvious; the research hotspots were basically the same, focusing on middle and old age, balance and falls, and quality of life; the emphasis on balance function and mental health research is the current research trend and frontier in this field at home and abroad, the difference is that the research direction in China is more specific, the population is broader, and the research methods are more diverse, while the foreign research is convincing through experiments. The difference is that the research direction in China is more specific, the population is broader, and the research methods are more diverse, while the foreign research is experimental and convincing. CONCLUSIONS: In summary,the health-promoting function of Tai Chi is obvious to all, and the excavation and empirical evidence of the fitness value of t Tai Chi is a hot spot of research at home and abroad.

The Effects of Tai Chi Intervention on Healthy Elderly by Means of Neuroimaging and EEG: A Systematic Review

Pan, Zhujun,Su, Xiwen,Fang, Qun,Hou, Lijuan,Lee, Younghan,Chen, Chih C.,Lamberth, John,Kim, Mi-Lyang Frontiers Media S.A. 2018 FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE Vol.10 No.-

<P>Aging is a process associated with a decline in cognitive and motor functions, which can be attributed to neurological changes in the brain. Tai Chi, a multimodal mind-body exercise, can be practiced by people across all ages. Previous research identified effects of Tai Chi practice on delaying cognitive and motor degeneration. Benefits in behavioral performance included improved fine and gross motor skills, postural control, muscle strength, and so forth. Neural plasticity remained in the aging brain implies that Tai Chi-associated benefits may not be limited to the behavioral level. Instead, neurological changes in the human brain play a significant role in corresponding to the behavioral improvement. However, previous studies mainly focused on the effects of behavioral performance, leaving neurological changes largely unknown. This systematic review summarized extant studies that used brain imaging techniques and EEG to examine the effects of Tai Chi on older adults. Eleven articles were eligible for the final review. Three neuroimaging techniques including fMRI (<I>N</I> = 6), EEG (<I>N</I> = 4), and MRI (<I>N</I> = 1), were employed for different study interests. Significant changes were reported on subjects' cortical thickness, functional connectivity and homogeneity of the brain, and executive network neural function after Tai Chi intervention. The findings suggested that Tai Chi intervention give rise to beneficial neurological changes in the human brain. Future research should develop valid and convincing study design by applying neuroimaging techniques to detect effects of Tai Chi intervention on the central nervous system of older adults. By integrating neuroimaging techniques into randomized controlled trials involved with Tai Chi intervention, researchers can extend the current research focus from behavioral domain to neurological level.</P>

태극권이 골관절염 환자의 통증, 유연성, 지각된 건강 상태 및 일상생활활동능력에 미치는 효과

백명화,Baek, Myung-Wha 대한근관절건강학회 2005 근관절건강학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effect of Tai-Chi exercise program on pain, flexibility, perceived health status and instrumental activities of daily living for osteoarthritis patients. To evaluate the effects, quasi-experimental study was used for pre and post test with a nonequivalent control group. Method: Fifty-two subjects participated in the experiment(twenty-seven for experimental group and twenty-five for control group) and they were from two different senior citizen centers in J city. The experiment period was from April 2002 through August 2002. The experiment group took part in Tai-Chi exercise program for eighteen weeks(three times a week for four weeks and five times a week for fourteen week). The exercise was performed for 50 minutes at every time (15 minutes for warm-up, 30 minutes for Tai-Chi exercise, and 5 minutes for ending). In order to pursue study purpose, the SPSS/WIN 8.0 program was chosen for the statistical analysis; ANCOVA was employed in examining test hypothesis; t-test and $X^{2}-test$ were used to examine homogeneity between experimental and control group. Result: The study results were as follows: Score of pain decreased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of flexibility increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of perceived health status increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of IADL increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Conclusion: As shown in the results, Tai-Chi exercise program can be effective nursing intervention for osteoarthritis patient to improve pain, flexibility, perceived health status and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.

태극권 수련이 여중생의 집중력에 미치는 영향

노기택(Ki Taek Rho),최종환(Jong Hwan Choi) 한국발육발달학회 2006 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.14 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect 10-week tai-chi training on concentration in middle school female students. Subjects were consisted of 4 groups (n=134): tai-chi training group (n=33), meditation group (n=34), general sports group (n=33) and control group (n=34). Each experimental group was trained(5times/week, 30min/day) for 10 weeks, but control group was out of intervention. The instruments used Grid and TAIS (Test of Attentional Interpersonal Style). Subjects were tested on their concentration before and after the 10-week training. For data analysis SPSS WIN 100 were used, mean and standard deviation scores were calculated, and paired t-test, 2-way ANOVA (with Duncan`s post hoc test) were used. After 10-week program, only tai-chi training group significantly improved on concentration level (GRID). And there was showed significant difference between experimental and control group on GRID, but none between experimental group. After 10-week program, tai-chi training group significantly improved on BET (Broad-external), BIT(Board-internal), NAR(Narrow-effective focus) of TAIS, but meditation group and general sports group improved only BET. And there was showed significantly difference between experimental and control group on BET, OIT (Internal overload) of TAIS, also showed significantly difference between tai-chi training and meditation group, tai-chi training and control group, general sports and control group on NAR. These results imply that tai-chi training may be of benefit to concentration in middle school female students, compared to interventions.