들뢰즈의 기관 없는 신체론에 기반한 현대 패션일러스트레이션의 신체특성

이지현(Jee Hyun Lee) 한국복식학회 2011 服飾 Vol.61 No.9

This study focused on the body modification in fashion illustration based on ``Corps sans Organes` of Deleuze. An argument about the changes of ideal body to define the aesthetic consciousness of times has lasted for a long time. Therefore, analyzing body modification in fashion illustration to express the ideal beauty could be effective motives to understand the changes of ideal bodies related with socio-cultural meanings, and be helpful to understand the overall trends of modern fashion illustration. To classify the types of body modification, the concept of ``Corps sans Organes`` of Deleuze was used as an analyzing tool. As the final result, the characteristics of body modification could be divided into three groups; the fragmentation of bodies, the pastiche of bodies, and the abstraction of bodies. First, in the fragmentation of bodies, which is related with flexibility, pluralism, and subjective views on body, the bodies were separated as molecules. Second, the elements of pastiche of bodies could be subdivided into five sub-groups; sex, plants, animals, texts and figure, and machines. The pastiche of bodies was used to extend the limitation of human capabilities and to reinterpret the human identities. Last, the abstraction of bodies based on contingency, indeterminacy, and subjective associations could be related with the nomadic and indefinite body images. The body modification could be considered as the context of nomadism, indeterminacy, and virtuality of modern-times, and it would be the basic data to understand the body modification in fashion illustrations.

Recent Progress on Adsorptive Removal of Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) Ions by Post-synthetically Modified Metal-organic Frameworks and Chemically Modified Activated Carbons

Rallapalli, Phani Brahma Somayajulu,Choi, Suk Soon,Ha, Jeong Hyub The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering C 2022 공업화학 Vol.33 No.2

Fast-paced industrial and agricultural development generates large quantities of hazardous heavy metals (HMs), which are extremely damaging to individuals and the environment. Research in both academia and industry has been spurred by the need for HMs to be removed from water bodies. Advanced materials are being developed to replace existing water purification technologies or to introduce cutting-edge solutions that solve challenges such as cost efficacy, easy production, diverse metal removal, and regenerability. Water treatment industries are increasingly interested in activated carbon because of its high adsorption capacity for HMs adsorption. Furthermore, because of its huge surface area, abundant functional groups on surface, and optimal pore diameter, the modified activated carbon has the potential to be used as an efficient adsorbent. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a novel organic-inorganic hybrid porous materials, sparked an interest in the elimination of HMs via adsorption. This is due to the their highly porous nature, large surface area, abundance of exposed adsorptive sites, and post-synthetic modification (PSM) ability. This review introduces PSM methods for MOFs, chemical modification of activated carbons (ACs), and current advancements in the elimination of Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Cd²⁺ ions from water using modified MOFs and ACs via adsorption.

항공기 수리ㆍ개조 승인체계에 대한 개선방안 연구

최윤선 ( Yun-seon Choe ),정하걸 ( Ha-girl Chung ),최세종 ( Se-jong Choi ),황호원 ( Ho-won Hwang ) 한국항공경영학회 2020 한국항공경영학회지 Vol.18 No.1

항공기의 형식설계 및 제작승인을 거쳐 발행된 감항증명의 효력을 유지하기 위하여 항공기 운영단계에서 준수되어야 할 가장 기본적인 원칙은 항공기의 감항성 유지(continuing airworthiness)이다. 이를 위하여 항공기 수리ㆍ개조를 포함한 정비 업무는 반드시 감항당국에서 승인된 또는 인정할 수 있는 기술자료에 근거하여 수행되어야 한다. 특히 항공기 운영 중에 발생할 수 있는 주요 손상에 대한 감항성 회복이나 항공기 성능개선을 위하여 수행되는 수리ㆍ개조 작업은 원래의 승인된 형식설계의 변경을 수반하며 ICAO 표준(International Civil Aviation Organization standards)은 해당 설계변경에 대하여 감항당국의 승인을 받도록 규정하고 있다. 반면 국내 항공기 수리ㆍ개조 승인제도는 국가의 승인을 요하는 대상을 수리ㆍ개조 승인의 핵심이라고 할 수 있는 설계자료가 아니라 수리ㆍ개조 작업을 수행하는 정비조직의 업무능력에 초점을 두고 있어 ICAO 표준에서 정한 수리ㆍ개조 승인의 개념과 상이한 점이 있다. 항공기제작 및 정비산업의 비약적인 성장으로 인하여 미국과 같은 항공선진국들은 자국의 자원낭비를 최소화 할 목적으로 타 국가와 항공안전협정을 맺고 있다. 항공안전협정은 항공과 관련된 인증, 승인 및 감독책임을 효과적으로 이행하기 위하여 상대국의 법규체계를 인정하는 것이다. 이러한 추세를 고려하면 국내 항공정비산업 발전을 위하여 국제적으로 인정될 수 있는 법규체계는 필수적이다. 항공제품의 감항성과 관련된 국가 승인체계가 ICAO 표준과 본질적인 차이가 있다면 타 국가와의 항공안전협정 체결 및 확대에 어려움을 초래할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 관련 ICAO 표준 및 지침 검토, 항공선진국등의 제도 운영 및 국내 제도와의 비교분석들을 통하여 문제점 및 보완필요사항을 식별하고 ICAO 표준에 부합하는 국내 수리ㆍ개조 승인제도 구축을 위한 법령/행정규칙의 개선 방향을 제시하였다. In order to keep the initial airworthiness certificate, which has been issued by approval of type design and production, effective, the essential principle that an owner and/or operator must comply with during the aircraft's operational stage is the continuing airworthiness of aircraft. For this purpose, aircraft maintenance (including repairs and modifications) shall be carried out by the technical data approved by or acceptable to airworthiness authority. In particular, major repairs (restoration from major damage) and/or modifications (improvement of performance) that may occur during aircraft operations involve a change in the original approved type design. In which cases, the ICAO standards require that the design change be approved by the relevant airworthiness authority. Unlike these ICAO standards, the domestic aircraft repair and modification approval system focuses on the capability of maintenance organizations to carry out the associated repair and modification work rather than design data which is the key to approval of the repair and modification. it is obviously different from the concept of approval of repair and modification as defined by ICAO standards. Due to the rapid growth of the aircraft manufacturing and maintenance industries, advanced countries such as the United States have Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement(BASA) with other countries for the purpose of minimizing their own waste of resources. The BASA is the recognition of the regulatory systems of the other countries in order to effectively fulfill their certification, approval and oversight responsibilities related to aeronautical product. Considering these trends, an internationally-recognized regulatory system is essential for the development of the domestic aviation maintenance industry. If the national regulatory system associated with airworthiness of aeronautical product. is inherently different from the ICAO standards, it may cause difficulties in concluding and expanding BASA with other countries. Thus, this paper, through the review of the applicable ICAO standards and document, regulatory requirement/guidelines of leading aviation authorities and comparative analysis with the domestic system, identified problems and proposed the direction for improvement of laws/administrative rules for domestic system for approval of repair and modification.

Modification of Hydroxyapatite/gelatin Nanocomposite with the Addition of Chondroitin Sulfate

Chang, Myung-Chul The Korean Ceramic Society 2008 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.45 No.10

In the preparation of hydroxyapatite(HAp)/gelatin(GEL) nanocomposite, GEL matrix was modified by the introduction of chondroitin sulfate(ChS) to obtain a strongly organized composite body. The formation reaction of the HAp/GEL-ChS nanocomposite was then investigated via XRD, DT/TGA, FT-IR, TEM and SEM. The organic-inorganic interaction between HAp nanocrystallites and GEL molecules was confirmed from DT/TGA and FT-IR. According to the DT/TGA results, the exothermal temperature zone between 300 and $550^{\circ}C$ showed an additional peak temperature that indicated the decomposition of the combined organics of the GEL and ChS. From the FT-IR analysis, calcium phosphate(Ca-P) was covalently bound with the GEL macromolecules modified by ChS. From TEM and ED, the matrix of the GEL-ChS molecules was mineralized by HAp nanocrystallites and the dense dried nanocomposite body was confirmed from SEM micrographs.

High-effective generation of H2O2 by oxygen reduction utilizing organic acid anodized graphite felt as cathode

Hongkai Guo,Hu Xu,Chengwen Zhao,Xiangzhong Hao,Ziyuan Yang,Weijun Xu 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.108 No.-

Achieving high catalytic performance with the lowest cost possible cathode material is critical for electrocatalyticsynthesis of H2O2 by oxygen reduction reaction. In this work, we describe a method ofpreparing highly active yet stable graphite felt electrocatalysts containing ultrahigh-loading oxygen contentby using organic acid anodic modification. The results show that modified graphite felt surface wasmore hydrophilic and introduced a large amount of defect sites and oxygen-containing groups. Moreover,the influence of mass oxalic/citric acid ratio and oxidation time of graphite felt cathode were investigated. As a result, H2O2 electrogeneration was 1.6 times as much as that of virgin graphite felt counterpart at themass oxalic/citric acid ratio of 2:1 oxidation for 40 min. However, overoxidation also impaired the electricalproduction of H2O2 due to decarboxylation. Finally, the effect of cathode potential and reaction pHon graphite felt cathode was optimized. As for the modified graphite felt, the maximum accumulationrate of H2O2 reached 4.5 mg h1 cm2 at the conditions of 0.85 V (SCE), 0.4 L min1 O2 flow rate andpH = 3. In addition, it kept a stable performance for electrochemical generation of H2O2 during 8 cycles.

Modification of Hydroxyapatite/gelatin Nanocomposite with the Addition of Chondroitin Sulfate

장명철 한국세라믹학회 2008 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.45 No.10

In the preparation of hydroxyapatite (HAp)/gelatin (GEL) nanocomposite, GEL matrix was modified by the introduction of chondroitin sulfate (ChS) to obtain a strongly organized composite body. The formation reaction of the HAp/GEL-ChS nanocomposite was then investigated via XRD, DT/TGA, FT-IR, TEM and SEM. The organic-inorganic interaction between HAp nanocrystallites and GEL molecules was confirmed from DT/TGA and FT-IR. According to the DT/TGA results, the exothermal temperature zone between 300 and 550oC showed an additional peak temperature that indicated the decomposition of the combined organics of the GEL and ChS. From the FT-IR analysis, calcium phosphate (Ca-P) was covalently bound with the GEL macromolecules modified by ChS. From TEM and ED, the matrix of the GEL-ChS molecules was mineralized by HAp nanocrystallites and the dense dried nanocomposite body was confirmed from SEM micrographs.

유기태양전지의 효율 및 수명 향상을 위한 기능성 계면 소재 연구

홍기현 ( Ki Hyon Hong ),박선영 ( Sun Young Park ),임동찬 ( Dong Chan Lim ) 한국공업화학회 2014 공업화학 Vol.25 No.5

유기태양전지는 제조비용이 저렴하고 플렉서블 전자소자에 적용이 가능하다는 장점들로 인해 최근 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 일반적인 정구조의 태양전지(conventional structured solar cell)의 경우 10%대의 향상된 발전 효율을 보이고 있으나, 여전히 기타 Si 및 CIGS 등과 같은 태양전지에 비해 낮은 효율과 짧은 수명은 상용화의 걸림돌로 작용하고 있다. 일반적으로 유기태양전지의 짧은 수명은 유기물의 광산화뿐만 아니라 수분 및 산소에 의한 음극, 양극 소재의 부식으로인한 소재/소자 열화 문제로 설명되어지고 있다. 한편 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 새로운 소자 구조(역구조 태양전지; Inverted structured solar cell)가 제안되었으며 전자 수송층 및 기능성 계면 소재 연구를 통한 발전 효율 및 수명향상에 관한 연구가 꾸준히 되고 있다. 그 결과 최근 2D/3D 산화 아연(ZnO) 소재를 역구조 태양전지의 전자 수송층으로 적용하고 건, 습식 표면 후처리를 통해 약 9% 수준의 발전효율을 달성하였다. 본 총설에서는 ZnO를 기반으로 하는 전자수송층 소재의 연구 동향 및 역구조 태양전지의 효율 향상 기술에 관한 최신 연구 동향을 소개하고자 한다. Organic solar cells (OSCs) have intensively studied in recent years due to their advantages such as cost effectiveness and possibility of applications in flexible devices. In spite of the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10 %, the OSCs still have a draw back of their low environmental stability due to the oxidization of aluminum cathode and etching of transparent conducting oxide as electrode. To solve these problems, the inverted structured OSCs (I-OSCs) having greatest potential for achieving an improvement of device performances are suggested. Therefore, there are a lot of studies to develope of interfacelayer based on organic/inorganic materials for the electron transport layer (ETL) and passivation layer, significant advancement sin I-OSCs have driven the development of interface functional materials including electron transport layer. Recent efforts to employing 2D/3D zinc oxide (ZnO) based ETL into I-OSCs have produced OSCs with a power conversion efficiency level that matches the efficiency of ∼9 %. In this review, the technical issues and recent progress of ZnO based ETL in I-OSCs to enhancement of device efficiency and stability in terms of materials, process and characterization have summarized.

Facile surface modification of ion-exchange membranes for efficient electro-membrane processes

문하늘,송현비,강문성 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

In this work, we have investigated the facile surface modification of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) for successful application to promising electro-membrane processes. Simple surface modifications were conducted with various organic/inorganic composites, such as polypyrrole and reduced graphene. The results revealed that the membrane surface properties are effectively controlled by introducing the surface layer and can determine the selective transport of specific ion species. The surface-modified IEMs have also been applied to several electro-membrane processes, such as water-splitting electro-dialysis and all-vanadium redox flow battery. The detailed results will be presented at the conference.

Dual Effective Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Star-Shaped Polymer Coatings on Ultrafiltration Membrane for Bio- and Oil-Fouling Resistance

Kim, Dong-Gyun,Kang, Hyo,Han, Sungsoo,Lee, Jong-Chan American Chemical Society 2012 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.4 No.11

<P>Amphiphilic organic/inorganic hybrid star-shaped polymers (SPP) were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) and 3-(3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclohexyl-pentacyclo[9.5.1.1<SUP>3,9</SUP>.1<SUP>5,15</SUP>.1<SUP>7,13</SUP>]-octasiloxane-1-yl)propyl methacrylate (MA-POSS) as monomers and octakis(2-bromo-2-methylpropionoxypropyldimethylsiloxy)-octasilsesquioxane (OBPS) as an initiator. Star-shaped polymers (SPM) having PEGMA and methyl methacrylate (MMA) moieties were also prepared for comparative purposes. Polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membranes coated with the SPP showed higher bio- and oil-fouling resistance and flux-recovery ability than the bare PSf membrane. Moreover, the SPP-coated membranes exhibited better antifouling properties than the SPM-coated membrane when they were used for oil/water emulsion filtration. The dual effective antifouling properties of the SPP were ascribed to the simultaneous enrichment of hydrophilic PEG and hydrophobic POSS moieties on the membrane surfaces resulting in the decrease in interactions with proteins and the increase in repellence to oils.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2012/aamick.2012.4.issue-11/am301538h/production/images/medium/am-2012-01538h_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am301538h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Facile Preparation of Water Dispersible Red Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles for Cell Imaging

Miao Luo 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.6

Red fluorescent organic nanopaticles (FONs) based on a diarylacrylonitrile derivative conjugated molecule were facilely prepared by surfactant modification. Such red FONs showed excellent water solubility and biocompatibility, making them promising for cell imaging applications.