Effects of Heat Treatment of Three Animal by-products on Ruminal Degradation Characteristics and Intestinal Availability of Crude Protein

Moon, Y. H.,Lee, S. C.,Kim, B. K. 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.1

동물성 부산물 사료(우모분, 우지박, 내장분) 단백질의 반추위내 분해특성과 하부장기내 이용성에 대한 열처리 효과를 규명하기 위하여 반추위와 십이지장에 누관이 장착된 Holstein 건유우 3두를 공시하였다. 시험사료에 대한 열처리는 149℃가 유지되는 oven에서 4시간동안 처리한 후, 1㎜체를 통과시켰다. 시험사료의 반추위내 분해특성은 발효시간별 분해율에서 비선형회귀식을 유도하여 구하였고, 사료단백질의 하부장기내 이용성은 mobile nylon bag기법으로 추정되었다. 농후사료와 orchard grass를 60:40의 비율로 급여하였으며, 물과 mineral block은 자유섭취토록 하였다. 조단백질의 반추위내 유효분해도(k=0.05) 및 하부장기내 소실율에 있어서 우모분은 각각 30.2% 및 56.2%, 우지박은 75.0% 및 18.6% 그리고 내장분은 56.4% 및 37.9%였다. 시험사료에 대한 열처리효과에 있어서 조단백질의 반추위내 유효분해도는 우모분과 내장분은 증가하였으나 우지박은 감소되었고(P<0.05), 하부장기내 조단백질 소실율에서는 우지박은 증가된 반면, 우모분과 내장분은 감소되어(P<0.05) 상반되는 결과를 나타내었다. 반추위 미분해 사료 단백질의 하부장기내 이용율은 우모분, 우지박 및 내장분에 대해서 각각 80.4%, 83.8% 및 86.9%였으며, 열처리를 함으로써 우모분과 우지박은 각각 94.0% 및 91.3%로 향상되었으나, 내장분은 76.5%로 낮아졌다(P<0.05). In order to investigate the effects of heat treatment of three animal by-products(feather meal, tallow meal, viscera meal) on in situ ruminal degradation characteristics and gastrointestinal availability of dietary crude protein(CP), three ruminally and duodenally cannulated dry Holstein cows were employed. Cows were fed a diet containing 60% concentrate and 40% orchard grass hay, and had free access to water and mineral block. Experimental feeds were processed for 4 hr at 149℃ in a forced-air oven, and were passed through a 1-㎜ screen. Degradation kinetics of feed protein in the rumen were fitted to an exponential type model, and intenstinal availability was estimated by the mobile nylon bag technique. Effective CP degradabilities in the rumen for feather meal, tallow meal and viscera meal were 30.2%, 75.0% and 56.4% at 5% passage rate per hour(k=0.05), respectively. In addition, heat treatment increased effective ruminal CP degradability on feather meal and viscera meal treatments, whereas decreased in tallow meal treatment(P<0.05). Gastrointestinal CP disappearances of feather meal, tallow meal and viscera meal were 56.2%, 18.6%, and 37.9%, respectively. In addition, heat treatment decreased the gastrointestinal CP disappearance on feather meal and viscera meal treatment, but increased in tallow meal treatment(P<0.05). Intestinal availability of rumen undegradable protein(A-UDP) was 80.4% for feather meal, 83.8% for tallow meal and 86.9% for viscera meal. In addition, heat treatment increased A-UDP on feather meal and tallow meal treatment, 94.0% and 91.3%, respectively, but decreased on viscera meal treatment, 76.5%(P<0.05).

DETERMINATION OF THE APPARENT ILEAL DIGESTIBILITY OF PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS IN FEEDSTUFFS AND MIXED DIETS FOR GROWIG-FINSHING PIGS WITH THE MOBILE NYLON BAG TECHNIQUE

Yin, Y.L.,Zhong, H.Y.,Huang, R.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1995 Animal Bioscience Vol.8 No.5

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the influence of various pepsin-HCL pretreatment factor, hereby the factors of duration of washing for the retrieved bags, inherent to the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT), on apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein (AIDCP) and apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (AIDDM). At last, the AIDCP and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids (AIDAA) in maize, barley, wheat, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and three mixed diets were determined with the MNBT and ileo-rectal anastomis pigs (IRAT). For the MNBT techniques, bag measuring $25{\times}40$ MM and containing 0.75 g feedstuff samples, after pre-digestion in vitro, were introduced into the ileo-rectal anastomis pigs (IRAT) gastrointestinal tract through a duodenal cannula and recovered in the ileal digesta between 6 and 12 h. later. 1. The apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (AIDDM) and crude protein (AIDCP) of the tested samples, with the exception of fish meal, determined by MNBT were not affected by the different pepsin-HCL pretreatment times in vitro between 2.5 h. and 4 h. 2. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference of the AIDCP and AIDDM of maize determined by the MNBT among different pepsin concentration (0.03%, 0.07% and 0.1 %) treatment in vitro. 3. The AIDCP determined with the MNBT was affected by the washed and unwashed recovered bags from the ileal digesta. 4. The AIDCP and AID amino acids (AIDAA) of maize, barley, wheat, rapeseed meal, soya-bean meal, cottonseed meal and three mixed diets from the MNBT, with a solution of 0.01N HCL (PH 2) and 0.1% of pepsin concentration, a pepsin-HCL pretreatment time in vitro or 4h. and a washing time of the recovered bag from the ileal digesta compared well with those from the IRAT. The linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation (p < 0.01) of AIDCP and AIDDA between the IRAT and MNBT.

Effects of heat treatment on in situ ruminal and intestinal degradabilities of dry matter in three animal by-product feeds

Moon, Y. H.,Kim, B. K.,Oh, Y. G.,Kim, G. H. 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2006 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.19 No.-

The objective was to know the effects of heat treatment for dry matter (DM) of three animal by-product feeds(feather meal, tallow meal, viscera meal) on in situ ruminal degradation characteristics and gastro-intestinal availability. Three ruminally and duodenally cannulated dry Holstein cows were fed the diet containing 40% concentrate and 60% orchard grass hay on a dry matter basis. Animal by-product feeds were processed for 4 hr at 149℃ in a forced-air oven, and were ground to pass through a 1-mm screen. Control and heat treated feedstuffs were estimated the DM degradabilities in the rumen and intestine using mobile nylon bag technique. Effective DM degradability in the rumen at passage rate (k=0.05) for untreated-feather meal, untreated-tallow meal and untreated-viscera meal were 37.59, 69.27 and 58.40%, respectively. With heat application feather meal and viscera meal increased to 55.56% and 66.93% in effective ruminal DM degradability, respectively, but tallow meal decreased to 64.64%. Gastrointestinal DM disappearance significantly (P<0.01) decreased with heat application except of tallow meal. Total digestive tract DM disappearance rate was above 90% except of feather meal (85.3%), but that of feather meal significantly (P<0.01) increased with heat application. Apparent intestinal availability of undegradable DM(based on 16 h rumen incubation) was 75.36% for untreated-feather meal, 68.62% for untreated-tallow meal and 82.92% for untreated-viscera meal, and heat application resulted in improve to 74.81% for tallow meal, but lowered to 72.06% for feather meal and to 76.50% for viscera meal (P<0.01).

Estimation of Ruminal Degradation and Intestinal Availability of Crude Protein in the Animal-Origin Feedstuffs Using Mobile Nylon Bag Technique

Lee, S.C.,Moon, Y.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.2

Ruminal degradation characteristics and intestinal availability of crude protein (CP) in four animal-origin feeds (fish meal, meat meal, viscera meal, feather meal) were estimated by mobile nylon bag technique. Three ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein dairy cows (average body wt. 550kg) fed a diet containing 40% concentrate and 60% orchard grass hay on a dry matter (DM) basis. Assuming that the outflow rate of diet in rumen is 5% per hour (k =0.05), contents of quickly degradable CP (QDP), slowly degradable CP (SDP), and undegradable CP (UDP) in the rumen were 27.6%, 9.4%, 63.0% for fish meal, 34.3% 28.1%, 37,6% for meat meal, 43.9%, 12.5%, 43.6% for viscera meal, and 14.4%, 15.8%, 69.8% for feather meal, respectively. Intestinal CP degradability was 51.0% for fish meal, 27.2% for meat meal, 37.9% for viscera meal and 56.2% for feather meal. Available UDP in the intestinal tract was contained 288 g, 217 g, 246 g and 423 g per kilogram DM of diet in fish meal, meat meal, viscera meal and feather meal, respectively.

ALKALINE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TREATED ASPEN AS A RUMINANT FEED

Myung, K.H.,Kennelly, J.J.,Chung, K.C.,Kim, Y.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1988 Animal Bioscience Vol.1 No.4

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of a diet containing 20% alkaline hydrogen peroxide(AHP) treated aspen sawdust for ruminants. In experiment 1, sheep fed treated aspen(treated) had higher (p < 0.05) average daily gain and improved feed/gain ratio compared to animals fed untreated aspen (untreated), Apparent NDF and ADF digestibilities of treated aspen were higher (p < 0.05) than for untreated material. A similar trend was observed for DM, organic matter and cellulose digestibilities coefficients. In experiment 2, the soluble and degradable DM and crude protein (CP) fractions tended to increase with AHP treatment. Treatment also increased (p<0.05) the degradation rate of the degradable fraction. Results of these experiment indicate that AHP treatment results in a substantial improvement in the extent of utilization of aspen sawdust by ruminants.