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Review Article : Molecular mechanisms of general anesthesia
( Yong Son ) 대한마취과학회 2010 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.59 No.1
General anesthetics produce a widespread neurodepression in the central nervous system by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission and reducing excitatory neurotransmission. However, the action mechanisms of general anesthetics are not completely understood. Moreover, the general anesthetic state comprises multiple components (amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility), each of which is mediated by different receptors and neuronal pathways. Recently, neurotransmitter- and voltage-gated ion channels have emerged as the most likely molecular targets for general anesthetics. The γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are leading candidates as a primary target of general anesthetics. This review summarizes current knowledge on how anesthetics modify GABAA receptor function. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2010; 59: 3-8)
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Jeon, Se Jin,Park, Ho Jae,Gao, Qingtao,Lee, Hyung Eun,Park, Se Jin,Hong, Eunyoung,Jang, Dae Sik,Shin, Chan Young,Cheong, Jae Hoon,Ryu, Jong Hoon Elsevier 2015 Behavioural brain research Vol.291 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sleep loss, insomnia, is considered a sign of imbalance of physiological rhythm, which can be used as pre-clinic diagnosis of various neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study is to understand the pharmacological actions of α- or β-amyrin, natural triterpene compound, on the sleep in mice. To analyze the sleeping behavior, we used the well-known pentobarbital-induced sleeping model after single administration of either α- or β-amyrin. The sleeping onset time was remarkably decreased and duration was prolonged by β-amyrin (1, 3, or 10mg/kg) but not by α-amyrin (1, 3, or 10mg/kg). These effects were significantly blocked by GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor antagonist, bicuculline. Moreover, β-amyrin increased brain GABA level compared to the vehicle administration. Overall, the present study suggests that β-amyrin would enhance the total sleeping behavior in pentobarbital-induced sleeping model via the activation of GABAergic neurotransmitter system through GABA content in the brain.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pentobarbital-induced sleeping behavior was prolonged by β-amyrin. </LI> <LI> Increased sleeping behavior was blocked by GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor antagonist. </LI> <LI> Brain GABA level was increased by β-amyrin administration. </LI> </UL> </P>
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