Measurements of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in high saline conditions using P17

Mun, Eunjeong,Lee, Sangyoup,Kim, Inhyuk,Kwon, Boksoon,Park, Heedueng,Hong, Seungkwan IWA Publishing 2013 WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -WATER SUPPLY- Vol.13 No.2

sion='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC '-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN' 'journalpublishing.dtd'><article article-type='research-article' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type='pmc'>ws</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type='pubmed'>WS</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type='publisher'>Water Science & Technology: Water Supply</journal-id><issn pub-type='ppub'>1606-9749</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IWA Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type='doi'>10.2166/ws.2013.019</article-id><article-id pub-id-type='other'>jWSTWS.v13.i2.pg265</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Measurements of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in high saline conditions using P17</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff1'><name><surname>Mun</surname><given-names>Eunjeong</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff1'></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff1'><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Sangyoup</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff1'></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff1'><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Inhyuk</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff1'></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff2'><name><surname>Kwon</surname><given-names>Boksoon</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff2'></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff1'><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Heedueng</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff1'></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff1'><name><surname>Hong</surname><given-names>Seungkwan</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff1'></xref></contrib><aff id='aff1'>School of Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 1, 5-ga, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea E-mail: <email>skhong21@korea.ac.kr</email></aff><aff id='aff2'>Environment G. Emerging Tech, Center/SAIT Samsung Electronics, Korea</aff></contrib-group><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>265</fpage><lpage>272</lpage><history><date date-type='received'><day>30</day><month>4</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type='accepted'><day>6</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© IWA Publishing 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year></permissions><abstract ><P>Biofouling caused by the deposition or growth of microorganisms on the membrane surface is one of the major concerns in nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) has been a useful index to assess the growth potential of bacteria. In the case of drinking water, the AOC assay method has been widely applied to estimate growth or regrowth potential of bacteria in distribution and storage systems. However, studies on AOC measurement for high salinity water samples such as brackish water and seawater are rather scarce. The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of water salinity on the conventional AOC assay method. AOC samples with different salt concentrations were prepared by varying NaCl concentration from 0 to 35,000 mg/L, while the acetate concentration was held at 100 μg/L. The number of cells produced in water samples was measured by the heterotrophic plate count (HPC) method using R2A agar. The result showed that the cell production of <I>Pseudomonas fluorescens</I> strain P17 and <I>Spirillum</I> strain NOX decreased with increasing salinity. Especially, the growth of <I>Spirillum</I> strain NOX was noticeably influenced by water salinity. To further observe the relation between acetate concentration and cell production in high salinity water, organic-free saline water

배수관망에서 수처리에 의한 AOC, BDOC및 세균성장의 특성

장용철(YoungCheol Chang),정권(Kweon Jung),유영식(Yoo YoungSik),강미혜,(Kang MiHye),Andrew A. Randall 한국환경보건학회 2002 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.28 No.5

배수관망에서의 박테리아 재 증식은 큰 현안문제로 대두되고 있으며 이를 억제하기 위한 염소소독 또한 발암 성의 푸산물인 THMs(trihulomethanes) 동을 생성시킬 우려 때문에 미국에서는 오존살균처리 또는 나노여과 (nunoliltration) 법으로 대체해 오고 있다 . 그러나 종래의 많은 bench scale 실험결과를 통해 이러한 처리 이후 에 잔존하는 미량의 유기물 (assimilable organic carbon) 이 박테리아 재 증식에 계속하여 영향을 주고 있다는 결 과가AOC(ussimilable organic carbon) 와 박테리아 재 증식의 상관관계를 통하여 밝혀지고 있다 . 그러나 현재 까지 이러한 연구결과를 full-scule 규모의 현장시설에서 직접 검토한 예는 없다 . 따라서 본 실험은 미국플로리 디추에 위치한 두 지역의 full-scale 배수관망 시설을 선정하여 실시하였다 . 첫 번째 시설은 오존 살균처리를 그 리고 다른 한곳은 나노여과와 석회연수법 (lime softening) 을 병행한 처리법을 사용하고 있다 . 박테리아 증식은 R2A 배지를 사용하는 HPC(heterotrophic plate counts) 법으로 평가했으며 오존이 공급된 배수관망에서의 HPC 는 각 셈플링 지접의 AOC 값을 이용한 지수모델과 높은 상관관계가 있음이 판명되었다 (R2=O.97). 또한 오존처 리는 100% 이상의 AOC 농도증가를 나타냈다 나노여과법과 석회연수법을 병행하고 었는 시설에서도 AOC 에 근거한 지수모델과 상관관계를 나타냈다 (R_=O.75) 그러나 BDOC( biodegradable dissolved organic)는 박테리아 증식에 있어 매우 낮은 상관관계 값을 표시했다 (R²-=0.11) 결과적으로 종래의 많은 bench scalc 실험결과와 같이 AOC 는 배수관망에서의 박테리아 증식과 크게 상관관계를 갖고 있는 갓으로 밝혀졌다. Two full-scale distribution systems. one treating water by ozonation and another treating water by nanofiltration in pamllel with lime softening. were monitored for bacterial growth. Both systems kept disinfectant residuals such as chlorine and chloramine in their respective distribution systems. Bacterial growth was assessed by heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) on R2A agar. In the distribution systems fed by ozonated water, HPCs were correlated (R2 = 0.97) using an exponential model with the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) at each sampling site. Also. it was observed that ozonation caused a signilicant increase in the AOC concentration of the distribution system (over 100% increuse) as well as a signilicant increuse in the bacterial counts of the distribution system (avemge increase over 100%). The HPCs from the distribution systems fed by nanofiltmtion in purallel with lime-softening water also displayed un exponential correlation (R2 = 0.75) with an exponential model based on AOC. No signilicunt correlation was found between bacteria growth on R2A agar and BOOC concentrations. Therefore, in agreement with previous work, bacterial growth in the distribution systems was found to correlate with AOC concentmtions.

하천수 내 생물학적 안정성에 따른 유기물 특성변화와 오존산화기반 전처리 연구

박세희,노진형,박지원,맹승규 대한상하수도학회 2018 상하수도학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Climate change is believed to increase the amount of dissolved organic matter in surface water, as a result of the release of bulk organic matter, which make difficult to achieve a high quality of drinking water via conventional water treatment techniques. Therefore, the natural water treatment techniques, such as managed aquifer recharge (MAR), can be proposed as a alternative method to improve water quality greatly. Removal of bulk organic matter using managed aquifer recharge system is mainly achieved by biodegradation. Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) can be used as water quality indicators for biological stability of drinking water. In this study, we compared the change of BDOC and AOC with respect to pretreatment methods (i.e., ozone or peroxone). The oxidative pretreatment can transform the recalcitrant organic matter into readily biodegradable one (i.e., BDOC and AOC). We also investigated the differences of organic matter characteristics between BDOC and AOC. We observed the decreases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the tryptophan-like fluorescence intensities. Liquid chromatographic - organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) analysis also showed the reduction of the low molecular weight (LMW) fraction (15% removed, less than 500 Da), which is known to be easily biodegradable, and the biopolymers, high molecular weight fractions (66%). Therefore, BDOC consists of a broad range of organic matter characteristics with respect to molecular weight. In AOC, low molecular weight organic matter and biopolymers fraction was reduced by 11 and 6%, respectively. It confirmed that biodegradation by microorganisms as the main removal mechanism in AOC, while BDOC has biodegradation by microorganism as well as the sorption effects from the sand. O3 and O3 + H2O2 were compared with respect to biological stability and dissolved organic matter characteristics. BDOC and AOC were determined to be about 1.9 times for O3 and about 1.4 times for O3 + H2O2. It was confirmed that O3 enhanced the biodegradability by increasing LMW dissolved organic matter.

Characterization of organic precursors in DBP formation and AOC in urban surface water and their fate during managed aquifer recharge

Kim, Hyun-Chul,Lee, Won Mo,Lee, Seunghak,Choi, Jaewon,Maeng, Sung Kyu Pergamon Press 2017 Water research Vol.123 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, the organic components were identified that are mainly responsible for the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and for the biostability of urban surface water. The compositional distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was strongly associated with the potential for both DBP formation and bacterial growth. Further evaluation was carried out (1) to compare the potential for DBP formation upon chlorination of treated water, (2) to determine the biostability that might result from minimizing assimilable organic carbon (AOC), and (3) to use laboratory-scale soil-column experiments to compare the effects of removal of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) between managed aquifer recharge (MAR) hybrid systems (such as bank filtration followed by artificial recharge and recovery: ARR), and ozonation followed by ARR. Our fractionation and removal methods provided useful insights into the removal of problematic organic components using MAR hybrid systems. Pretreatment with a small amount of ozone (∼0.7 mg-O<SUB>3</SUB> mg-C<SUP>−1</SUP>) resulted in improved ARR performance, especially from removing organic acids from DOM, which substantially decreased the potential for DBP formation, while the robust removal of AOC was attributed to a significant decrease in non-acidic and more hydrophilic fractions during soil passage. Both pretreatments used in this study were effective in the removal of selected TOrCs, but carbamazepine was persistent during soil passage. The pretreatment, which used ozonation before ARR, significantly enhanced the removal of carbamazepine; therefore, ozonation followed by ARR is considered an effective way to enhance removal of persistent compounds.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hybrid managed aquifer recharge (O<SUB>3</SUB>, bank filtration and artificial recharge recovery). </LI> <LI> Selected hybrid managed aquifer recharge systems were effective for AOC removal. </LI> <LI> O<SUB>3</SUB>-arquifer recharge recovery attenuated the formation of disinfection byproducts. </LI> <LI> The removal of organic acids decreased in disinfection byproducts formation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The Utility of Measuring Assimiliable Organic Carbon (AOC) as an Indicator of Biostability in Distribution Systems for Finished Water

Chang, Young-Cheol,Toyama, Tadashi,Jung, Kweon,Kikuchi, Shitaro Korean Society of Environmental Health 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.6

The objective of this paper is to compare the applicability of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) or biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) for quantifying biodegradable organic material (BOM) and bio-stability in distribution systems for a variety of finished waters. The study the data is derived from was part of an AWWARF and Tampa Bay Water tailored collaboration project to determine the effect of blending different waters on distribution system water quality. Seven different finished waters were produced from surface, ground, or brackish water on site and fed 18 independent pilot distribution systems (PDSs), either as single finished water or as a blend of several finished waters. AOC and BDOC have often been used as indicators of bacterial regrowth potential in distribution systems. In this study, AOC was the more useful assay of the two for the BOM concentrations observed in the PDSs. BDOC did not distinguish BOM while AOC did at the low BOM levels from many of the advanced treatments (e.g. RO, $O^3/BAC$). AOC in contrast allowed much more meaningful calculations of the consumption or production of AOC as the blends passed through the PDSs even for very low BOM blends. In addition, meaningful trends corresponding to changes in heterophic plate count (HPC) were observed for AOC but not for BDOC. Moreover, AOC stability was associated with waters produced from advanced membrane treatment.

자연유기물질에서 동화가능유기탄소로 인한 수돗물의 생물학적 안정성 변화

박지원 ( Park Ji Won ),맹승규 ( Maeng Sung Kyu ) 한국물환경학회 2020 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2020 No.-

우리나라는 고도처리 정수장이 도입되면서 2017년 기준으로는 고도처리시설 생산 용량이 10,819 t day^-1 까지 집계 (국내 정수 용량의 약 40%) 되고 있다 (KOSIS, 2017). 시민들의 수돗물 직접 음용을 꺼리는 주요 원인은 잔류염소 냄새와 배관 내 미생물 증식이 대표적이다. 최근 소독부산물 발생과 미생물 2차 오염을 제어하기 위하여 무염소 수도 시스템의 도입이 국내에도 제안되고 있으며, 이와 관련하여 무염소 수도 시스템 선진 기술을 보유하고 있는 네덜란드는 원수의 강변여과, 인공함양 및 유기물 지표로서 동화가능유기탄소 (assimilable organic carbon; AOC) 제어 등을 통해 먹는 물의 생물학적 안정성을 확보하고 있다. 그러나 우리나라 상수원은 지표수 취수 기반의 정수처리공정이 운영되고 있으며, 무염소 정수처리 시스템을 도입하기 위하여 기존 정수처리공정의 각각 역할, 개선점, 한계 등이 논의될 필요가 있다. 한편, 옥내배관, 물탱크, 정수기 등 수돗물의 소비자 사용 환경에서는 상수도관 달리 수리학적 스트레스가 적고, 물이 정체하거나, 좁아진 배관 재질과 물이 상호작용하는 시공간적 변화가 생긴다. 따라서 정수처리 이후에 소비자에게 도달하는 용존유기물 특성, 잔류염소 농도, 수온, 배관 내부 환경, 소비자 사용 환경에 의하여 물의 생물학적 안정성이 변화할 수 있으므로 정수처리 단계 이후에 개선 및 관리되어야 하는 인자에 대한 이해도 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 정수처리 과정에서 형성 또는 제거되는 동화가능유기탄소 (AOC)의 거동과 함께 소비자 물 공급 과정에서 변화 가능한 요인들을 조사하고자 한다. 우리나라와 같이 지표수 취수 기반 정수처리 시스템에서 선진적인 무염소 수도 시스템 도입을 위해서 현재 정수처리공정의 AOC 제거 기술 수준, 개선 가능성, 배관 관리 개선안 및 미래 연구 방향 등을 제시하고자 한다.

Assessment of organic carbon migration and biofilm formation potential on feeding tubes in contact with water

Thi Huyen Duong,Sang Yeob Kim,Seon Won Yoon,Sung Kyu Maeng 대한환경공학회 2020 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.11

Formation of Assimilable Organic Carbon from Algogenic Organic Matter

Ji Hoon Kim,Soon Hyung Chung,Jing Yeon Lee,In Hwan Kim,Tae Ho Lee,Young Ju Kim 대한환경공학회 2010 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.15 No.1

Influence of disinfection on bacterial regrowth in pilot distribution system

조훈,Young-Cheol Chang,Andrew Andy Randall,OnYou Choi,최두복,Shintaro Kikuchi 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.6

A correlation between heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and chloramine residual in pilot distribution systems (PDSs) was investigated. The data was derived from an AWWARF (the Awwa Research Foundation) and Tampa Bay Water tailored collaboration project to determine the effect of blending different waters on distribution system water quality. Seven different finished waters were produced from surface, ground, or simulated brackish water sources on site and fed to 18 independent PDSs, either as a single finished water or as a blend of several finished waters. Significantly higher numbers for PDS HPC were observed below 0.06 mg/L of combined chlorine residual. Changes in assimilable organic carbon (AOC) levels between influent and effluent of the PDSs increased as disinfectant dosage decreased in distribution systems. Significant differences between input and output AOC (ΔAOC) were observed when the chloramine residual was less than 1.0 mg/L, and particularly when less than 0.5 mg/L. High HPC counts often occurred when chloramine residual was less than 0.5 mg/L, regardless of AOC levels or AOC stability. However AOC instability could occur at high influent AOC levels even in the presence of residual greater than 0.5 mg/L, with corresponding high HPC counts.

자연유기물질에서 동화가능유기탄소로 인한 수돗물의 생물학적 안정성 변화

박지원 ( Park Ji Won ),맹승규 ( Maeng Sung Kyu ) 한국물환경학회 2020 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2020 No.-

우리나라는 고도처리 정수장이 도입되면서 2017년 기준으로는 고도처리시설 생산 용량이 10,819 t day^-1 까지 집계 (국내 정수 용량의 약 40%) 되고 있다 (KOSIS, 2017). 시민들의 수돗물 직접 음용을 꺼리는 주요 원인은 잔류염소 냄새와 배관 내 미생물 증식이 대표적이다. 최근 소독부산물 발생과 미생물 2차 오염을 제어하기 위하여 무염소 수도 시스템의 도입이 국내에도 제안되고 있으며, 이와 관련하여 무염소 수도 시스템 선진 기술을 보유하고 있는 네덜란드는 원수의 강변여과, 인공함양 및 유기물 지표로서 동화가능유기탄소 (assimilable organic carbon; AOC) 제어 등을 통해 먹는 물의 생물학적 안정성을 확보하고 있다. 그러나 우리나라 상수원은 지표수 취수 기반의 정수처리공정이 운영되고 있으며, 무염소 정수처리 시스템을 도입하기 위하여 기존 정수처리공정의 각각 역할, 개선점, 한계 등이 논의될 필요가 있다. 한편, 옥내배관, 물탱크, 정수기 등 수돗물의 소비자 사용 환경에서는 상수도관 달리 수리학적 스트레스가 적고, 물이 정체하거나, 좁아진 배관 재질과 물이 상호작용하는 시공간적 변화가 생긴다. 따라서 정수처리 이후에 소비자에게 도달하는 용존유기물 특성, 잔류염소 농도, 수온, 배관 내부 환경, 소비자 사용 환경에 의하여 물의 생물학적 안정성이 변화할 수 있으므로 정수처리 단계 이후에 개선 및 관리되어야 하는 인자에 대한 이해도 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 정수처리 과정에서 형성 또는 제거되는 동화가능유기탄소 (AOC)의 거동과 함께 소비자 물 공급 과정에서 변화 가능한 요인들을 조사하고자 한다. 우리나라와 같이 지표수 취수 기반 정수처리 시스템에서 선진적인 무염소 수도 시스템 도입을 위해서 현재 정수처리공정의 AOC 제거 기술 수준, 개선 가능성, 배관 관리 개선안 및 미래 연구 방향 등을 제시하고자 한다.