종전 전후 시기(1945.3.〜1947.4.) 국민정부의 동북한인・한반도 관련 정보 수집 노력과 駐華代表團

배경한 중국근현대사학회 2023 중국근현대사연구 Vol.100 No.-

This paper reveals that the Korean delegation in China(駐華代表團), which was created in Chongqing as the successor of the Korean Provisional Government before and after the end of the Pacific War, entered northeastern China and activities related to Korean residents are in great trouble. Then, as the background, it deals with the background and outbreak process of the civil war between KMT and CCP, such as the extension of Soviet military presence in northeastern China, the rise of the Chinese Communist Army, and the delay of the KMT Army's advance into the Northeast. Subsequently, through the information reports on Northeast Koreans and Korean situations that were regularly sent to the KMT or the Nationalist Government by the Korean Delegation in China, it is revealed that this information came from a “voluntary” motive to fulfill the claims of the Korean delegation in China, while it was passive at the “request” of the KMT or the Nationalist Government. Furthermore, it reveals that before and after the end of the war, the Chinese Nationalist Government tried to use or “mobilize” the Korean Delegation in China to deal with Korean issues in the Northeast Civil War or postwar East Asian international relations. In conclusion, it is revealed that the Chinese Nationalist Government's support for the Korean independence movement, which has been made since 1933, actually has the characteristics of “control through support” and “mobilization before anti-Japanese”.

남파 박찬익의 대한민국임시정부 활동

성주현(Sung, Ju-Hyeon) 한국사학회 2010 史學硏究 Vol.- No.97

南城 朴贊翊은 1884년 1월 2일 경기도 파주군 주내면에서 출생하였다. 일제 강점 직후인 1911 년 2월 만주로 망명하여 중국관립학교에서 중국어를 배웠다. 그의 중국어 실력은 훗날 임시정부에서 외교활동을 전개하는데 중요한 몫을 차지하였다. 박찬익은1921 년4월 임시의정원 경기도 의원으로 임시정부에서 첫 공식 직함을 갖게 되었다. 이어 외무부 외사국장 겸 외무차장대리의 역할을 맡으면서 임시정부의 초기 외교업무를 관장하였다. 박찬익의 주요 외교활동은 대중외교였다. 광동의 호법정부의 임정 주재대표, 봉천군별 장작림과의 관계모색, 중국 국민당 요인과의 회담 둥을 통해 임시정부의 위상을 제고시켰다. 또한 재중한인들의 생명과 재산을 보호하는 외교를 전담하였던 것이다. 1930년대 초 임시정부 복귀전에는 한국독립당의 외교활동을 전담하였다. 뿐만 아니라 임시정부와 원만한 관계를 유지하면서 외교업무를 지원하였다. 1932년 윤봉길의거 이후 임시정부는 상해를 떠나 항주, 기강, 유주, 장사 등지를 전전하였다. 이 시기 박찬익은 임시정부의 재정을 담당하는 한편 붕괴된 통신연락망을 재구축하는 등 임시정부의 위상을 확립하는데 노력하였다. 이러한 그의 활동은 박찬익이 1939 년 임시의정원 의원으로 임시정부에 복귀하는데 중요한 역할을 하였다. 이후 박찬익은 국무위원겸 법무장, 임시의정원 의원, 무임소국무위원 등으로 임시정부에서 중요한 역할을 맡아 활동하면서 1945 년 8월 15 일 해방을 맞았다. 해방 후에는 재중한인의 생명과 재산의 보호 및 귀환을 담당하는 주화단대표로 활동하였을 뿐만 아니라 임시정부가 환국하는데도 적지 않은 역할을 하였다. 박찬익의 대한민국임시정부 활동은 크게 셋으로 나누어 정리할 수 있다. 첫째는 임시정부 초기 외교활동, 둘째는 임시정부 복귀 후 국무위원 등 중요 요직 참여, 셋째는 해방 후 재중한인의 생명과 재산 보호 및 귀환활동이었다. 박찬익은 1921 년 4월 첫 임시정부에 참여하여 1948년 4월 고국에 귀환할 때까지 임시정부와 공식적, 비공식적으로 활동하였지만 대중외교를 통해 임시정부의 위상을 확립하는데 기여하였다. 또한 임시정부가 정부로서의 주요한 역할인 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하는 역할에도 그 책임을 다하였다. Nam Pa Park Chan-Ik was born in Paju County Juna face in January 2, 1884. he defected to Manchuria in February 1911. He studied Chinese in China government institution school. His Chinnese language skills were to take an important share Development diplomatic activities in the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. He worked member of the provisional National Assembly in April 1921. He represents Gyeonggi Province. And he was in charge of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government of Korea. In particular, he was responsible diplomatic relations with the China. He was responsible for life and property of Korean people in China. He charged of diplomatic activities of the Korea Independence party. And He has supported the diplomatic activities of the Provisional Government 0f the Republic of Korea. Yoon, bong-gil stood up against the oppressive rule of the Japanese colonial government at Shanghai in 1932. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea had to leave due this accident. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea were going from Shanghai to Hangzhou, Qijiang, Liuzhou. This time, he was in charge of provisional government finances. And he installed collapse server network. This was established phase of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. He has come back to provisional National Assembly in 1939. He worked in provisional government as Cabinet member, Justice Minister, member of the provisional National Assembly. Korea was liberated from Japan on August 15, 1945. After the liberation, he was in charge of life, property and safe return of Korean people in China at Delegation Foreign Affairs to China(駐華代表團). His actions may be look into three in the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. The first, he contributed diplomatic activities in Provisional Government. The Second, he was valuable part of n Provisional Government as Cabinet member, Justice Minister, member of the provisional National Assembly. The third, after the liberation, he was in charge of life, property and safe return of Korean people in China, after all the analysis of his activitie, He led the independence movement of Korea. The especially, he was valuable role diplomatic activities in the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.

中國 天津지역 韓僑의 귀환 과정 연구

양지선 단국대학교 동양학연구원 2015 東洋學 Vol.60 No.-

Right after liberation, the Kuomintang Government treated the Korean people living in China as same as the Japanese people living in China, and decided to apply a collective repatriation policy. The concentrated management center of each region even had cases of mistreating Korean soldiers and people. This was mainly due to the confused political situation after liberation and economic difficulties. Centered by the Korean people in China at Delegation Foreign Affairs to China, the provisional government of the Republic of Korea fiercely opposed such collective policy. The Korean people who fought together with the Chinese people against Japan in the past naturally demanded to be treated differently with the Japanese people living in China. However, the Foreign Office of China, which managed the treatment of the Korean people, and the Chinese Army had different opinions on the subject, making it difficult to be improved. Due to the continuous opposition of the provisional government of the Republic of Korea and in attempt to reinforce its future influence on the Korean Peninsula through the provisional government, the Kuomintang Government finally decided to apply separate policies for Korean people and Japanese people living in China with the Kim Won-sik Incident as a momentum. However, it took considerable time for the improved policy on the Korean people reach and be enforced on regional provinces and cities. While negotiating the repatriation policy for the Korean people living in China with the Kuomintang Government, the provisional government of the Republic of Korea decided to establish the Korean people in China at Delegation Foreign Affairs to China which will handle the safe return of the Koreans. The delegation was mainly divided into three regional groups; North China, Central China and South China. The delagation’s pacification Group in North China took charge of Tianjin area. As Tianjin area became the major returning port and works related to the returning of Korean people increased, the Tianjin Branch Office of the pacification Group in North China was established. Since then, all works related to the returning of Korean people in Tianjin area were handled by the branch office. Since the pacification group was also under the control of the Kuomintang Government, however, they couldn’t freely decide matters related to the returning of Korean people. 1945년 8월 15일 일제가 패망한 후 중국 각지에 거주하고 있던 한교들은 上海, 靑島, 廈門 등의 귀환항을통해 귀환하였으며, 그 가운데 北京과 天津지역 한교 대부분은 톈진의 大沽港을 통하였다. 해방 직후 일교집중관리소에 일교와 함께 일괄 집중되어 송환을 기다리던 한교들은 임시정부의 요구와 톈진지역으로 피난 오는 한교의 격증으로 한교집중관리소가 설립된 이후에야 일교와 분리되어 이곳으로 집중되었다. 1946년 2월 4,022명이 한교집중관리소로 집중된 이후 곧바로 귀환 작업이 시작되어 같은 해 7월까지28,723명이 톈진을 통해 국내로 돌아왔다.

중국 國立東方語文專科學校와 한국학 교육의 선구들

윤은자(尹恩子) 중국근현대사학회 2016 중국근현대사연구 Vol.70 No.-

해방 후 중국 廣東省 廣州지역 한인사회와 귀환

조은경 한국근현대사학회 2013 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.66 No.-

This paper has identified how Korean people in Guangdong and Guangzhou coped with a situation, a route of them returning to Korea, and social environment of Korean people in there after Japan was collapsed in August, 1945, based on aforementioned two areas in China. As the post war treatment was initiated under the control of commander-in-chief of the 2nd front army, Zhang Fa Kui after the war, Korean people in the area of Guangzhou established Yowolchosun committee in September 5th, 1945, to start activities in preventing Korean people and improving labor conditions. Korea commissioned officer, Choi Duk Sin, was in charge of affairs for Korean people under control of the new first corps that coped with pre/post processing of the social environment in the city of Gwangju. Korean people in the area of Guangzhou officially established Koreans abroad association in Gwangju city in October 6th, 1945, electing Choi Duk Sin as a representative. Koreans abroad association has requested a policy of relief to provisional government of the Republic of Korea, government in Guangdong and Guangzhou, and the 2nd front army in order to maintain livelihood of about 450 Korean people. However, they were not provided an appropriate support,and the situation became worse. Provisional government of the Republic of Korea became aware of a fact that there were 2,200 wounded Korean soldiers in Guangdong according to the report of Koreans abroad association that Cho Il Moon was dispatched to the city of Gwangju initiating activities of extending Korea Liberation Army. Cho Il Moon has requested support needed for Korea Liberation Army to Zhang Fa-Kui but to no avail. Hereupon, Korean soldiers were grouped together organizing ‘Korean soldiers army association’ in December 17th, 1945, that Choi Duk Sin became the general. Koreans abroad association and Korean soldiers army association have proceeded activities together and became closely related. Korean people in Guangzhou ended up returning back to Korea starting from April, 1946. They performed a farewell service on April 20th that about 1,500Korean people left Guangzhou on April 24th riding ships provided by US army and arrived to Busan on May 1st. After most of the Korean people in Guangzhou returned back to Korea, Kim Jong Hyuk has organized Branch Office of Stationed in Southern China with Koreans abroad association to support those staying in Guangzhou. They have requested foreign office in China asking them to allow more Korean people to return back to Korea. They issued residence certificate or supported entrance of Sun Yat-sen University for Korean people preferring to staying in Guangzhou.