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Cho, Mi Young,Lee, Unn Hwa,Moon, Chang Hoon,Bang, Jong Deuk,Jee, Bo Young,Cha, Seung Ju,Kim, Jin Woo,Park, Myoung Ae,Do, Jeong Wan,Park, Jeong Woo Inter-Research 2012 Diseases of aquatic organisms Vol.101 No.2
<P>Two viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) isolates, VHSV-KR-CJA and VHSV-KR-YGH, were isolated from viral hemorrhagic septicemia disease outbreaks in flounder farms in South Korea. The VHSV-KR-CJA isolate was isolated from a flounder farm with high mortality (80%), while the VHSV-KR-YGH isolate was isolated from a flounder farm with low mortality (15%), suggesting that these isolates differ in virulence. The virulence of these isolates was evaluated in juvenile flounder via intraperitoneal injection. Consistent with their virulence in the field, mortality data revealed that the VHSV-KR-CJA isolate was highly pathogenic (cumulative mortality of 80%), while the VHSV-KR-YGH isolate was less pathogenic in flounder (cumulative mortality of 20%). To characterize the genotypes of these viruses, the full open reading frames (ORFs) encoding nucleoprotein N, phosphoprotein P, matrix protein M, glycoprotein G, nonstructural viral protein NV, and polymerase L of these viruses were sequenced and analyzed. Sequence analysis revealed that both isolates are genetically very similar (identical amino acid sequences for P, M, NV, and L and >99.7 and 99.8% amino acid sequence identity for N and G, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both of these viruses belong to the Genotype IVa group, suggesting that they originated from a common ancestral virus. The low pathogenicity VHSV strain may potentially evolve to become a more pathogenic strain through only a few nucleotide substitutions. Further functional analyses of mutations in VHSV genes are necessary to identify factors that determine VHSV pathogenicity in flounder.</P>
Suebsing, Rungkarn,Jeon, Chan-Hyeok,Oh, Myung-Joo,Kim, Jeong-Ho Inter-Research 2011 Diseases of aquatic organisms Vol.94 No.1
<P>A reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for detecting infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) from chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in South Korea with high specificity, sensitivity and rapidity. A set of 6 IHNV-specific primers was designed, based on the G-protein sequence of IHNV (PRT strain), recognizing 8 distinct sequences of the target RNA. The assay was optimized to detect IHNV at 63 degrees C for 30 min. The limit of detection was 0.01 fg of RNA extracted from IHNV-infected CHSE-214 cells, compared with 1.0 fg for nested RT-PCR. The applicability of this RT-LAMP assay was further tested by comparison with nested RT-PCR using field samples. Of 473 samples tested, 191 samples (40.38%) were IHNV-positive by RT-LAMP, whereas 162 samples (34.25%) were IHNV-positive by nested RT-PCR. These results indicate that, because of its high sensitivity and rapidity, the RT-LAMP assay is useful for early diagnosis of IHN.</P>
Projected variations in the regional clustering of precipitation stations around Chicago
Um, M. J.,Markus, M.,Wuebbles, D. J.,Kim, Y. INTER-RESEARCH 2016 Climate research Vol.67 No.2
<P>Precipitation frequency analyses are typically performed for regions or groups of neighboring gauges that represent similar topographic and climatic characteristics. For past precipitation frequency analyses, regions are defined using observed datasets. However, for frequency analysis of projected precipitation, climate change can influence the grouping of sites, such as homogeneous regions of extreme precipitation. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of region definition in the regional frequency analysis (RFA) of extreme precipitation in climate change scenarios. Specifically, we use a statistically downscaled climate modeling-based dataset for Chicago, Illinois, USA and 8 climate change cases (4 models with 2 future climate scenarios). The cases were developed using the asynchronous regional regression model, which focuses on accurately resolving the tails of the probability distributions of precipitation data. For the 40 stations around Chicago, the clustering of precipitation stations varies. The precipitation characteristics, such as the averages of the monthly maximum and annual precipitation and the L-moments of the annual maximum daily precipitation, vary significantly over different time periods and regional clusters. Furthermore, the number of stations that exhibit heterogeneity in terms of their clusters is lower when changes in the clustering of the climate regions are considered than when these changes are ignored. The results of this work illustrate the need to consider changes in the regional clustering of precipitation stations in RFA, which is particularly useful for designing water-related infrastructure in response to climate change.</P>
Evidence for two koi herpesvirus (KHV) genotypes in South Korea.
Kim, Hyoung Jun,Kwon, Se Ryun Inter-Research 2013 Diseases of aquatic organisms Vol.104 No.3
<P>The geographic distribution of koi herpesvirus (KHV) has recently been analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR, based on the alleles of 3 domains) and sequence analysis using 3 regions of KHV genomic DNA (SphI-5, 9/5, and the thymidine kinase gene). In this study, samples from 6 carp showing symptoms of KHV infection in 2008 were examined for the presence of KHV by using PCR and cell culture isolation methods. KHV was detected in 2 (Pyeongtaek and Buan) of the samples. Sequence analysis revealed that the genotype of the KHV PT-08 isolate was Asia genotype variant 1 (A1), and the genotype of the KHV BA-08 isolate was European genotype variant 4 (E4). In addition, PCR patterns and sequence analysis based on the alleles of 3 domains of an alternate KHV classification system confirmed that the genotype of the KHV PT-08 isolate was CyHV3-J, and the genotype of the KHV BA-08 isolate was CyHV3-third genotype. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the presence of 2 genotypes of KHV (genotype A1/CyHV3-J; genotype E4/CyHV3-third genotype) in South Korea.</P>