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The Process of Privatization in East and Central Europe : Problems and Perspectives
Simai,Mihaly 서울대학교소련·동구연구소 1991 서울大學校 蘇聯 ·東區硏究所創立1周年記念國際學術會議 發表論文集 Vol.- No.1
The political and economic transformation in Eastern and Central Europe put the issue of property patterns to the agenda of the programs of the new parties. Privatization became an important building block in the programs of the new governments in Eastern Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland. In the other countries less radical changes are anticipated in the ownership patterns. The political motivations of the privatization process are connected with human right issues, with the aims of creating a new middle class with property and strata of farmers with land ownership. The economic issue connected with the privatization programs are difficult and of complex nature. Historically, state ownership has been always important in the region. Post wat nationalization started also before the systemic changes, in 1945-46. The economic programs of the communist regimes at the end of the 1940-s and the beginning of the 1950-s pushed nationalization too far, basically on ideological motivations, regardless of economic rationality. The state sector proved to be inefficient. The state ownership was much more motivated for income redistribution than for wealth creation and accumulation. The innovative capabilities and adjustment potentials proved to be weak and resulted inefficient and non competitive structures. The subordination of the public sector to the political bureaucracy aggrevated the problems by several additional measures. The reform process changed certain elements in the allocative and functional areas of the state owned firms. The selection of the top managers was depoliticised in Hungary. Private sector activities were allowed and encouraged. The aims of the present privatization process in economic terms are manifold. It is expected that a new and broad private sector will be efficient and that it will solve many earlier problems. Privatization is considered as an indispensable element of a market economy. In order to be able to gain from privatization it is indispensable to have a competitive environm
Perestroika or History's Turning Point?
Lee,In-ho 서울대학교소련·동구연구소 1991 서울大學校 蘇聯 ·東區硏究所創立1周年記念國際學術會議 發表論文集 Vol.- No.1
Dear President Wankyu Cho, colleagues from various parts of the world, students, and others who have gathered here to take part in our conference on the theme of "Perestroika or History's Turning Point?", it is a great privilege and honor for me as director of the Institute of Russian and East European Studies at Seoul National University to welcome you all and express our appreciation for your presence here. In deciding to organize this conference, we debated whether it was not a great waste in terms of human energy and money to ask a dozen of the world's busiest scholars and political activists to travel half way aroung the world to attend a two-day conference.
Smirnov,Igor 서울대학교소련·동구연구소 1991 서울大學校 蘇聯 ·東區硏究所創立1周年記念國際學術會議 發表論文集 Vol.- No.1
In order to fully comprehend the events taking place at the present time in the USSR, it is essential to keep in mind the basic character of Russian culture, whose development can be traced quite far back in history. The perestroika is in many ways a result of the economic system, i.e. of the inefficience of culture and ideology. The world of texts and ideas(i.e. of culture) has turned out to be just as signigicant for the perestroika as the world of economic production and consumption.
Financial Crisis and Political Problems of Economic Stabilization in the USSR
Gaidar,E 서울대학교소련·동구연구소 1991 서울大學校 蘇聯 ·東區硏究所創立1周年記念國際學術會議 發表論文集 Vol.- No.1
In the mid-1980s the financial environment in the Soviet Union was relatively healthy. The Ministry of Finance, though unable to withstand sectoral pressure for billions of roubles to fund ill-thought-out investment projects, controlled the situation by means of reductions in social spending, re-allocations of resources of enterprises and due to a surge in foreign trade revenues.
Stages of Retreat from Real Socialism in Central and Eastern Europe : Comparative Perspectives
Gebethner,Stanislaw Tytus 서울대학교소련·동구연구소 1991 서울大學校 蘇聯 ·東區硏究所創立1周年記念國際學術會議 發表論文集 Vol.- No.1
Since the beginning of the 1989, When the Round Table negotiations had started in Poland, significant and rapid revolutionary changes took place in the whole region of Central and Eaxtern Europe. This process of radical social, political and institutional changes is still under way-it is not finished yet. But we can say that the old constitutional, political, social and economic order known previously as the real socialism, or the Communist regime, collapsed. Each country of this region is now struggling to construct its own version of the future. The ultimate goal may be democracy and capitalism, but there is no consensus on how to get there. The process of institutional and systemic changes in political sphere is in these countries really impressive and spectacular.