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Ziolkowski, Piotr A.,Underwood, Charles J.,Lambing, Christophe,Martinez-Garcia, Marina,Lawrence, Emma J.,Ziolkowska, Liliana,Griffin, Catherine,Choi, Kyuha,Franklin, F. Chris H.,Martienssen, Robert A. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2017 Genes & development Vol.31 No.3
<P>Here, Ziolkowski et al. combine high-throughput fluorescence methods to measure crossovers with natural <I>Arabidopsis</I> ecotypes in order to identify the first <I>trans</I>-acting modifier of meiotic recombination in plants. The authors found that HEI10, which encodes a conserved ubiquitin E3 ligase, naturally limits <I>Arabidopsis</I> crossovers and has the potential to influence the response to selection.</P><P>During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo crossover recombination, which creates genetic diversity and balances homolog segregation. Despite these critical functions, crossover frequency varies extensively within and between species. Although natural crossover recombination modifier loci have been detected in plants, causal genes have remained elusive. Using natural <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> accessions, we identified two major recombination quantitative trait loci (<I>rQTL</I>s) that explain 56.9% of crossover variation in Col×Ler F<SUB>2</SUB> populations. We mapped <I>rQTL1</I> to semidominant polymorphisms in <I>HEI10</I>, which encodes a conserved ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates crossovers. Null <I>hei10</I> mutants are haploinsufficient, and, using genome-wide mapping and immunocytology, we show that transformation of additional <I>HEI10</I> copies is sufficient to more than double euchromatic crossovers. However, heterochromatic centromeres remained recombination-suppressed. The strongest <I>HEI10</I>-mediated crossover increases occur in subtelomeric euchromatin, which is reminiscent of sex differences in <I>Arabidopsis</I> recombination. Our work reveals that HEI10 naturally limits <I>Arabidopsis</I> crossovers and has the potential to influence the response to selection.</P>
THE FIGURE OF JUSTICE IN WESTERN LITERATURE AND ART
Ziolkowski, Theodore 연세대학교 인문과학연구소 1996 人文科學 Vol.75 No.-
This talk began as an attempt to justify the title of a book that I began several years ago and have recently finished -- a book dealing with some half-dozen turning points in the history of western law as reflected in literary works form Aeschylus to Kafka. I had been considering for sometime the working title "The Mirror of Justice" -- to suggest that the history of law is mirrored most clearly in literature. But it occurred to me that the figure of Justice, or Justitia, according to the popular image in western art is blindfolded and therefore would have no use for a mirror. The figure of Justice, as we know it from paintings, Court TV - channel, of bronzed gift statuettes for new and retiring attorneys, is typically a blindfolded woman holding a sword in one hand and a pair of scales in the other. The fact that so many cartoons in Europe and the United States make use of that image suggests its widespread familiarity.
Development of a Five-Day Basic Microsurgery Simulation Training Course: A Cost Analysis
Singh, Masha,Ziolkowski, Natalia,Ramachandran, Savitha,Myers, Simon R.,Ghanem, Ali Mahmoud Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.3
The widespread use of microsurgery in numerous surgical fields has increased the need for basic microsurgical training outside of the operating room. The traditional start of microsurgical training has been in undertaking a 5-day basic microsurgery course. In an era characterised by financial constraints in academic and healthcare institutions as well as increasing emphasis on patient safety, there has been a shift in microsurgery training to simulation environments. This paper reviews the stepwise framework of microsurgical skill acquisition providing a cost analysis of basic microsurgery courses in order to aid planning and dissemination of microsurgical training worldwide.
Development of a Five-Day Basic Microsurgery Simulation Training Course: A Cost Analysis
Masha Singh,Natalia Ziolkowski,Savitha Ramachandran,Simon R Myers,Ali Mahmoud Ghanem 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.3
The widespread use of microsurgery in numerous surgical fields has increased the need for basic microsurgical training outside of the operating room. The traditional start of microsurgical training has been in undertaking a 5-day basic microsurgery course. In an era characterised by financial constraints in academic and healthcare institutions as well as increasing emphasis on patient safety, there has been a shift in microsurgery training to simulation environments. This paper reviews the stepwise framework of microsurgical skill acquisition providing a cost analysis of basic microsurgery courses in order to aid planning and dissemination of microsurgical training worldwide.