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A 5.6 kW 11.7 kW per kg Four-Phase Interleaved Buck Converter for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Cheng Xu-Feng,Peng Zhenzhen,Yang Yulong,Liang Zhimin,Wu Chaofeng,Shao Zhiwei,Wang Dianlong 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.2
This paper proposed a 5.6 kW 11.7 kW/kg four-phase interleaved buck converter (FPIBC) for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-voltage power system. The UAV mainly concerns the lightweight strategy and the power density of the DC-DC converter. We proposed a comprehensive lightweight strategy with the characteristics of reduced inductor current ripples, small size of fi lter inductors and capacitors, and high output power. The output current ripples are reduced by using interleaved modulation strategy and integrated CLC fi lters cascaded to the input side and output side respectively. In addition, the aluminum based printed circuit board (PCB) is used with SMD power transistors to obtain better heat dissipation capability without fans. With abovementioned methods, the designed DC-DC converter has a power of 5.6 kW @ 0.48 kg, the powerto-weight ratio is improved to be 11.7 kW/kg, and the power density is 3 W/cm 3 . The effi ciency of this DC-DC converter is up to 95.8%.
Xinyi Zhu,Tian Tian,Miao Ruan,Jia Rao,Wentao Yang,Xu Cai,Menghong Sun,Guangqi Qin,Zhonghua Zhao,Jiong Wu,Zhimin Shao,Ruohong Shui,Zhen Hu 한국유방암학회 2018 Journal of breast cancer Vol.21 No.3
Purpose: The characteristic expression of DNA damage response proteins in familial breast cancers with BRCA1, BRCA2, or non-BRCA1/2 mutations has not been analyzed in Chinese patients. Our study aimed to assess the differential expression of microcephalin 1 (BRIT1), ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), BRCA1, RAD51 recombinase (RAD51), and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and establish the profile of Chinese familial breast cancers with different mutation status. Methods: We constructed five tissue microarrays from 183 familial breast cancer patients (31 with BRCA1 mutations; 14 with BRCA2 mutations, and 138 with non-BRCA1/2 mutations). The DNA response and repair markers used for immunohistochemistry analysis included BRIT1, ATM, CHEK2, BRCA1, RAD51, and PARP-1. The expressions of these proteins were analyzed in BRCA1/2 mutated tumors. The association between pathologic characteristics with BRCA1/2 mutation status was also analyzed. Results: In familial breast cancer patients, BRCA1 mutated tumors were more frequent with high nuclear grade, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, low Ki-67, and positive CK5/6. BRCA1 mutated tumors had lower CHEK2 and higher cytoplasmic BRIT1 expression than BRCA2 and non-BRCA1/2 mutation tumors. BRCA2-associated tumors showed higher CHEK2 and cytoplasmic RAD51 expression than those in other groups. Nuclear PARP-1 expression in BRCA1/2-associated tumors was significantly higher than in non-BRCA1/2 mutation tumors. Moreover, we found quite a few of negative PARP-1 expression cases in BRCA1/2 mutated groups. Conclusion: The clinicopathologic findings of BRCA1-associated Chinese familial breast cancers were similar to the results of other studies. Chinese familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations might have distinctive expression of different DNA damage response proteins. The reduced expression of PARP-1 in Chinese BRCA1/2 mutated breast cancer patients could influence the therapeutic outcome of PARP-1 inhibitors.