http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
FACTOR PRICE SHOCKS , FACTOR SUBSTITUTION AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY
MAHMOOD, ZAFAR 한국국제경제학회 1992 International Economic Journal Vol.6 No.4
The effects of a change in the government's pricing policy and external price shocks on factors demand is predicted through the estimation of elasticities of factor substitution and price elasticities of factor demand. A Translog Cost Function is utilized to derive the estimates of these elasticities. Our estimates of economies of scale for two sub-periods suggest that significantly large economies of scale were available in the post-energy shock period compared to the pre-energy shock period.
Awan, Tashfeen,Iqbal, Zafar,Aleem, Aamer,Sabir, Noreen,Absar, Muhammad,Rasool, Mahmood,Tahir, Ammara H.,Basit, Sulman,Khalid, Ahmad Mukhtar,Sabar, Muhammad Farooq,Asad, Sultan,Ali, Agha Shabbir,Mahmoo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11
Background and Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a complex genetic disease involving many fusion oncogenes (FO) having prognostic significance. The frequency of various FO can vary in different ethnic groups, with important implications for prognosis, drug selection and treatment outcome. Method: We studied fusion oncogenes in 101 pediatric ALL patients using interphase FISH and RT-PCR, and their associations with clinical features and treatment outcome. Results: Five most common fusion genes i.e. BCR-ABL t (22; 9), TCF3-PBX1 (t 1; 19), ETV6-RUNX1 (t 12; 21), MLL-AF4 (t 4; 11) and SIL-TAL1 (del 1p32) were found in 89/101 (88.1%) patients. Frequency of BCR-ABL was 44.5% (45/101). BCR-ABL positive patients had a significantly lower survival ($43.7{\pm}4.24$ weeks) and higher white cell count as compared to others, except patients with MLL-AF4. The highest relapse-free survival was documented with ETV6-RUNX1 (14.2 months) followed closely by those cases in which no gene was detected (13.100). RFS with BCR-ABL, MLL-AF4, TCF3-PBX1 and SIL-TAL1 was less than 10 months (8.0, 3.6, 5.5 and 8.1 months, respectively). Conclusions: This is the first study from Pakistan correlating molecular markers with disease biology and treatment outcome in pediatric ALL. It revealed the highest reported frequency of BCR-ABL FO in pediatric ALL, associated with poor overall survival. Our data indicate an immediate need for incorporation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of BCR-ABL+ pediatric ALL in this population and the development of facilities for stem cell transplantation.
Iftikhar Azim,Jian Yang,Muhammad Farjad Iqbal,Zafar Mahmood,Muhammad Faisal Javed,Feiliang Wang,Qing-feng Liu 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.3
Catenary action plays crucial role in resisting the applied vertical load at large deformations stage in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This paper aims to predict the catenary action capacity of RC beam-column substructures by utilizing the distinctive properties of gene expression programming (GEP). The input parameters selected for the modelling are: double-beam span-to-depth ratio, relative axial restraints stiffness, relative rotational restraints stiffness, bottom and top longitudinal reinforcement ratios, and yield strength of longitudinal rebars. A comprehensive and reliable database was collated from internationally published research articles to develop and verify the model. The GEP-based model was assessed by comparing its performance with regression based model. Various statistical indicators and external validation criteria suggested in literature proved that the model is accurate and possess high prediction and generalization capacity. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to show the contributions of the input parameters, while parametric analysis was performed to show that the proposed model is not merely a combination of the input parameters but can accurately represent the given physical system. The proposed formulation from GEP is found to be simple, robust, and easy to utilize for pre-design purposes.
Tahira, Bibi,Asif, Muhammad,Khan, Samiullah,Hussain, Abrar,Shahwani, Muhammad Naeem,Malik, Arif,Inayatullah, Syed,Iqbal, Zafar,Rasool, Mahmood Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9
Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of pluripotent stem cells, caused by reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, t(9;22)(q34;q11), known as the Philadelphia chromosome. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 CML patients were recruited in this study. Complete blood counts of all CML patients were performed to find out their total leukocytes, hemoglobin and platelets. FISH was performed for the detection of BCR-ABL fusion and cryptogenic tests using bone marrow samples were performed for the conformation of Ph (9;22)(q34;q11) and variant translocation mechanisms. Results: In cytogenetic analysis we observed that out of 51 CML patients 40 (88.9%) were Ph positive and 4 (8.88%) had Ph negative chromosomes. Mean values of WBC 134.5 $10^3/{\mu}l$, hemoglobin 10.44 mg/dl, and platelets 288.6 $10^3/{\mu}l$ were observed in this study. Conclusions: In this study, Ph positive translocation between chromosome (9:22)(q34;q11) were observed in 40 (88.9%) CML patients.