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      • Redox-inactive metal ions modulate the reactivity and oxygen release of mononuclear non-haem iron(III)–peroxo complexes

        Bang, Suhee,Lee, Yong-Min,Hong, Seungwoo,Cho, Kyung-Bin,Nishida, Yusuke,Seo, Mi Sook,Sarangi, Ritimukta,Fukuzumi, Shunichi,Nam, Wonwoo Nature Publishing Group 2014 Nature chemistry Vol.6 No.10

        Redox-inactive metal ions that function as Lewis acids play pivotal roles in modulating the reactivity of oxygen-containing metal complexes and metalloenzymes, such as the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II and its small-molecule mimics. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of non-haem iron(III)–peroxo complexes that bind redox-inactive metal ions, (TMC)Fe<SUP>III</SUP>–(μ,η<SUP>2</SUP>:η<SUP>2</SUP>-O<SUB>2</SUB>)–M<SUP>n+</SUP> (M<SUP>n+</SUP> = Sr<SUP>2+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>, Lu<SUP>3+</SUP>, Y<SUP>3+</SUP> and Sc<SUP>3+</SUP>; TMC, 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). We demonstrate that the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> and Sr<SUP>2+</SUP> complexes showed similar electrochemical properties and reactivities in one-electron oxidation or reduction reactions. However, the properties and reactivities of complexes formed with stronger Lewis acidities were found to be markedly different. Complexes that contain Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> or Sr<SUP>2+</SUP> ions were oxidized by an electron acceptor to release O<SUB>2</SUB>, whereas the release of O<SUB>2</SUB> did not occur for complexes that bind stronger Lewis acids. We discuss these results in the light of the functional role of the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> ion in the oxidation of water to dioxygen by the oxygen-evolving complex.

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        The incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism in Japanese inpatients with inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort study

        Katsuyoshi Ando,Mikihiro Fujiya,Yoshiki Nomura,Yuhei Inaba,Yuuya Sugiyama,Takuya Iwama,Masami Ijiri,Keitaro Takahashi,Kazuyuki Tanaka,Aki Sakatani,Nobuhiro Ueno,Shin Kashima,Kentaro Moriichi,Yusuke Mi 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.3

        Background/Aims: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major extraintestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), regarded as an independent risk factor for VTE according to reports from Western countries. However, the incidence and risk factors of VTE in Asian IBD patients are not fully understood. We aimed to reveal the incidence and risk factors of VTE in Japanese IBD inpatients. Methods: The incidence of VTE in inpatients with IBD (n=340), gastrointestinal cancers (n=557), and other gastrointestinal diseases (n=569) treated at our hospital from 2009 to 2013 was retrospectively investigated. The characteristics and laboratory data of IBD inpatients with and without VTE were compared in univariate and multivariate analyses. Clinical courses of VTE in IBD were surveyed. Results: VTE was detected in 7.1% of IBD inpatients, significantly higher than in gastrointestinal cancer inpatients (2.5%) and inpatients with other gastrointestinal diseases (0.88%). The incidence of VTE in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (16.7%) was much higher than that in those with Crohn’s disease (3.6%). In the univariate analysis, the risk factors were an older age, central venous catheter, prednisolone, surgery, low serum albumin, high serum C-reactive protein and D-dimer. According to a multivariate analysis, >50 years of age and surgery were the only risk factors. The in-hospital mortality rate of IBD inpatients with VTE was 4.2%. Conclusions: The incidence of VTE with IBD, especially UC, was found to be high compared with other digestive disease, which was almost equivalent to that of Western countries. The efficacy of prophylaxis needs to be investigated in Asian IBD patients.

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