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Yoshihito Fujita,Asuka Kondo,Hiroki Yamauchi,Eisuke Kako,Kazuya Sobue 대한마취통증의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.64 No.6
Background: The requisite anesthetic concentration of sevoflurane required to obtain adequate sedation when sufficient analgesics are supplied has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to determine the requisite age-associated concentration of sevoflurane to obtain an adequate level of anesthesia during combined epidural-general anesthesia by bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. Methods: Twenty-seven elective abdominal surgery patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II) were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups of more or less than 60 years of age. We investigated the concentration of sevoflurane required to obtain an adequate sedation level during combined epidural-general anesthesia, maintaining the BIS value between 40 and 60. Results: The requisite sevoflurane concentration required to keep the BIS value at 40-60 was not stable during surgery. In the younger group, the maximum concentration of sevoflurane needed during surgery was 1.95 ± 0.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.87-2.10) vol%, while it was 1.54 ± 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 1.27-1.80) vol% in the older group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The requisite concentration of sevoflurane required with combined epidural-general anesthesia was 2.5 vol% for the younger group and 2.0 vol% for the older group as determined by BIS monitoring. We believe that these percentages are sufficient to avoid awareness during surgery with adequate analgesia.
Yoshihito Fujita,Koichi Inoue,Tasuku Sakamoto,Saya Yoshizawa,Maiko Tomita,Toshimasa Toyo’oka,Kazuya Sobue 대한마취통증의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.70 No.4
Background: Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective central α2-agonist used as a sedative in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). However, little is known about the relationship between dexmedetomidine dose and its plasma concentration during long-term infusion. We have previously demonstrated that the sedative plasma dexmedetomidine concentration is moderately correlated with the administered dose in adults (r = 0.653, P = 0.001). We hypothesized that there would be a similar relationship between the sedative dexmedetomidine concentration and administered dose in infants. Methods: All patients admitted to the PICU at Nagoya City University Hospital, Japan, between November 2012 and March 2013 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Plasma dexmedetomidine concentration was measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Results: We measured the plasma dexmedetomidine concentration in 203 samples from 45 patients. Of these, 96 samples collected from 27 patients < 2 years old were included in this study. All patients received dexmedetomidine at 0.12–1.40 μg/kg/h. The median administration duration was 87.6 hours (range: 6–540 hours). Plasma dexmedetomidine concentration ranged from 0.07 to 3.17 ng/ml. Plasma dexmedetomidine concentration was not correlated with the administered dose (r = 0.273, P = 0.007). The approximate linear equation was y = 0.690x + 0.423. Conclusions: In infants, plasma dexmedetomidine concentration did not exhibit any correlation with administered dose, which is not a reliable means of obtaining optimal plasma concentration.
The Effect of Pressure on the Poling Condition in Lead-based Relaxor Ferroelectric Solid Solutions
Naohiko Yasuda,Naoki Miyazono,Hidehiro Ohwa,Yoshihito Tachi,Yohachi Yamashita,Kazuhiko Fujita,Makoto Iwata,Yoshihiro Ishibashi 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.31
Topographic images for the domain structures of etched surfaces of PMNT ceramics were observed: ① Flattened fine domain structures with domains of about 50 nm or less in size along the poling direction due to the 180 domain reversal were seen in rhombohedral (74/26), (72/28), and (69/31) ceramics. ② Stereographical fine domain structures with projected domains of about 50 nm or less in size along some directions due to non-180˚ domain reversal, as well as 180˚ domain reversal were seen in the (67/33) ceramic near a MPB composition. Pressure-induced suppression of the electromechanical response occurred at the depoling pressure p_d = 590 MPa for PMNT (67/33) and at p_d = 400 MPa for PMNT (69/31). The poling for the PMNT (72/28) ceramic under a pressure of 600 MPa above pd was done under decreasing pressure at 10 kV/cm at room temperature. The resonance frequency fr and the antiresonance frequency fa decreased to f_r = 121.74 kHz and f_a = 124.03 kHz, the electromechanical coupling coefficient k31 decreased to 20.5%, and the maximum phase angle θ_m decreased to 12˚ compared to f_r = 131.32 kHz and f_a = 135.37 kHz, k31 = 26.8% and θ_m = 52˚ for normal poling. The topographic images of the etched surface of PMNT (72/28) poled under pressure was characterized with stereographical fine domain structures with projected domains of about 100 nm or less in size along some directions due to non-180 domain switching. A poling process using depoling pressure, as well as the well-known normal poling using depoling temperature, is applicable for ferroelectric materials.