KRAS Mutation as a Biomarker for Survival in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, A Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Trials

Ying, Min,Zhu, Xiao-Xia,Zhao, Yang,Li, Dian-He,Chen, Long-Hua Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.10

Background: Because there is no clear consensus for the prognostic implication of KRAS mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we conducted a meta-analysis based on 12 randomized trials to draw a more accurate conclusion. Materials and Methods: A systematic computer search of articles from inception to May 1, 2014 using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was conducted. The enrollment of articles and extraction of data were independently performed by two authors. Results: Our analysis was based on the endpoints overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Nine records (All for OS, 7 for PFS) comprising 12 randomized trials were identified with 3701 patients who underwent a test for KRAS mutations. In the analysis of the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for OS (HR: 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.56) and PFS (HR: 1.33; 95% CI 1.17-1.51), we found that KRAS mutations are related to poor survival benefit for NSCLC. According to a subgroup analysis stratified by disease stage and line of therapy, the combined HRs for OS and PFS coincided with the finding that the presence of a KRAS mutation is a dismal prognostic factor. However, the prognostic role of KRAS mutations are not statistically significant in a subgroup analysis of patients treated with chemotherapy in combination with cetuximab based on the endpoints OS (P=0.141) and PFS (P=0.643). Conclusions: Our results indicate that KRAS mutations are associated with inferior survival benefits for NSCLC but not for those treated with chemotherapies integrating cetuximab.

중국 국제이해교육의 전개과정과 향후 과제

강영민(Jiang Yingmin),김다원(Kim Dawon) 한국국제이해교육학회 2019 국제이해교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구에서는 경제개혁과 대외개방 정책의 맥락에서 발전되어 온 중국 국제이해교육의 패러다임 전환 과정을 살펴보고 이론, 정책 그리고 실시 현황을 분석한 후 향후 해결해 나가야 할 과제를 제시하였다. 중국 국제이해교육의 발전단계를 살펴보면 1980년대 개혁개방 정책의 진전과 더불어 발족하여, 초창기에는 유네스코를 중심으로 하는 국제기구의 이념에 대한 소개가 주축을 이루었으나 21세기 시장경제 발전과 더불어 국제경쟁력 향상을 위주로 하는 교육으로 전환되었으며 근래에는 핵심소양(핵심역량)양성의 교육 영역으로 자리잡으며 인류운명공동체의식의 함양을 교육의 목표로 제시하였다. 이런 발전과정에서 국제이해교육이 전국 각지의 초․중등학교를 중심으로 급속히 확대되었는데, 그 정책적 근거로 된 것은 향후 10년간의 교육정책 방향을 제시하기 위해 2010년에 국무원에 의해 발표된 “국가중장기 교육기획과 개혁 발전요강(2010~2020)”과 2016년 교육부에서 대학들에 위탁하여 개발한 “중국학생 발전 핵심소양 체계”였다. 이에 지방교육청 역시 지방교육과정으로 국제이해교육을 실시할 것을 초․중등학교들에 요구하고 구체적인 교육목표, 내용체계를 제시하였다. 이런 정책들의 추진 하에 국제이해교육은 현재 국가교육과정, 지방교육과정, 학교교육과정, 학교 특별활동, 국제교류 등 다양한 형태로 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개념과 범주 등을 포함한 이론연구 현황, 중앙과 지방정책, 초․중등학교 실시 현황에 대한 분석을 거쳐 중국 국제이해교육의 특징을 다음과 같이 결론지었다. 첫째, 유네스코 이념의 영향보다는 대외개방의 국정 변화를 계기로 시작되어 유네스코 이념의 계승, 학생들의 국제경쟁력 향상, 국내외 과제 해결 능력의 함양 등 복합적 과제를 안고 있다. 둘째, 이론연구, 국가와 지방의 교육정책, 교육현장이 상대적으로 분리되어 각자 국제이해교육의 새로운 방향을 탐색하고 있다. 셋째, 교육발전의 현저한 지역차이가 여전히 존재하여 이에 대한 국제이해교육의 대응이 요구되고 있다. 이런 특징에 근거하여 본 연구는 향후 과제로 중국 국제이해교육의 이념체계 정립의 필요성, 유네스코 2030을 비롯한 유네스코 이념과의 접목 문제, 지역차이 개선 등을 제기하였다. This study examines the paradigm shift process of China s education for international understanding(EIU), which has been developed in the context of economic reform and open policy, and analyzes the theories, policies, and implementation status and presents future tasks to be solved. In the early stages of the development of EIU in China, with the advancement of economic reform and open policy in the 1980s, the introduction of the idea of UNESCO was central. However, with the development of the market economy system in the 21st century, it has been transformed into education focused on improving international competitiveness. In recent years, it has become an educational field that cultivates core competencies and has raised ‘A Human Community with A Shared Future’ as a goal of education. In this development process, EIU was rapidly expanded around primary and secondary schools across the country. The policy basis was ‘Outline of National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development(2010 ~ 2020)’ to propose the educational policy direction for the next decade by Chinese State Council and ‘Core Competencies and Values for Chinese Students’ Development’, which was entrusted to universities in 2016 by the Ministry of Education. So, the local education office also requested primary and secondary schools to carry out EIU as a local education course, and presented specific educational goals and contents system. As a result of these policies, EIU is being carried out in various forms such as national curriculum, local curriculum, school curriculum, school activities, and international education exchange. This study concluded the following characteristics of EIU in China through analyzing theoretical research and review, central and local education policies, and the actual situation in primary and secondary school. First, it started with the national opening policy to foreign countries rather than the influence of the UNESCO education, and it has complex tasks such as the succession of UNESCO education, improvement of international competitiveness of students, and cultivation of domestic and overseas problem solving abilities. Second, theoretical research, national education policy, and school education field are relatively separated and the systematic education effect of EIU has not been raised. Third, there is still a remarkable regional difference in EIU. Based on these characteristics, this study suggested consolidating theoretical system of EIU in China, combining with UNESCO s education such as UNESCO 2030, and overcoming regional difference.

Robust Adaptive Attitude Synchronization of Uncertain Rigid Bodies on Special Orthogonal Group with Communication Delays and Gyro Biases

Xuhui Lu,Yingmin Jia 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.11

The paper proposes an attitude synchronization algorithm of rigid bodies on Special Orthogonal Group SO(3), with parameter uncertainties, external disturbances, gyro biases and communication delays. A set of twoorder linear filters are introduced to cope with discontinuous communication delays, and only attitude information is required to be exchanged between rigid bodies. Then a set of gyro bias estimators are constructed with exponential convergence rates in the constant bias case and can also deal with time-varying gyro biases. Besides, a novel attractive manifold control method is also proposed so that the parameter estimation error terms can converge to zeros independent of persistent excitation condition. The proposed attractive manifold control method can be also robust toward external disturbances. The obtained control inputs are continuous and ensure the control performance of the closed-loop system, in the presence of discontinuous communication delays, external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and gyro biases. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified in the numerical simulations.

Distributed H<SUB>∞</SUB> Consensus Control for Networks of Multiple Agents with Linear Coupling Dynamics

Yang Liu,Yingmin Jia,Junping Du,Fashan Yu 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

This paper is devoted to the consensus control for a network of autonomous agents with high-dimension linear coupling dynamics and subject to external disturbances. By transforming the consensus control problem into an H∞ control problem, we propose a distributed state feedback protocol, and obtain conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to ensure the consensus with a prescribed H∞ performance level for networks with zero and nonzero communication delays, respectively. Furthermore, the undetermined feedback matrix of the proposed protocol is also solved. A numerical example is included to validate the theoretical results.

Fabrication and Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe–B–Si–Zr/Hf–Cu Nanocrystalline Alloys with High Glass-Forming Ability

Yaoxiang Geng,Yingmin Wang,Yuxin Wang,Zhijie Zhang,Hongbo Ju,Lihua Yu,Junhua Xu 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.11

The effects of minor alloying addition of Cu on the glass-forming ability and crystallization process of Fe71.7−xB16.7Si8.3Zr3.3Cuxand Fe72.5−xB16.7Si8.3Hf2.5Cux (x = 0, 0.3, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3; at%) alloys were investigated. It was found that the critical glassformation size of rod samples gradually decreased from 2.5 to 1 mm with increasing Cu content in these alloys. Single α-Fe phase nanocrystalline alloys were obtained after isothermal annealing the Fe–B–Si–Zr/Hf–Cu glassy alloys containing0.7–1.0 at% Cu. The Fe71B16.7Si8.3Zr3.3Cu0.7alloy exhibited good soft magnetic properties with a high saturation magnetization(~ 1.22 T) and a low coercive force (~ 0.6 A/m) after annealing at 853 K for 10 min due to the precipitation of α-Fenanoparticles of 8 nm size in the glassy matrix. The structural evolution on annealing and the variation tendencies against Cucontent of the glass transition temperature, thermal stability and glass-forming ability of the Fe–B–Si–Zr/Hf–Cu amorphousalloys were discussed using a dual-cluster local structure model.

Adaptive Control of a Hose and Drogue System with Input Nonlinearities and Partial State Constraints

Liang Chang,Yingmin Jia 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.10

This paper proposes a novel multi-objective controller for the hose and drogue system, to address the input nonlinearities of dead-zone and constraint as well as partial state constraints. Based upon a smooth auxiliary function, a new dead-zone compensation method is developed to offset the unknown dead-zone nonlinearity, and the obtained controller can also deal with the input constraint by employing the Nussbaum-function-based method. Subsequently, based upon a new barrier Lyapunov function and the parameter projection method, the proposed controller can enforce the partial state constraints in the presence of the partial differential characteristics of the hose and drogue system. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

Event-based Consensus Control of Multi-agent Systems by L∞ Theory

Yang Liu,Yingmin Jia 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.3

This paper investigates the consensus problem of multi-agent systems with general linear models by theevent-based control strategy, and develops the protocol design method using the L∞ control theory. A distributedevent-based protocol, which yields the control inputs using the estimated states based on local information at eventtimes, is presented for the asynchronously event-triggered communication network. Here, the state estimationerrors, arising from the event-based interconnection, are regarded as external disturbances with limited peak values. Then by defining a controlled output that measures the state disagreement among agents, the consensus conditionand controller design criterion are obtained by the L∞ theory of disturbed systems. It shows that all agents willconverge to a desired bounded region around the consensus trajectory under the proposed protocol.

Formation Control of Discrete-Time Multi-Agent Systems by Iterative Learning Approach

Yang Liu,Yingmin Jia 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2012 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.10 No.5

In this paper, the formation control problem is investigated for discrete-time multi-agent systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics by means of the iterative learning approach. For networks with switching topology, a distributed iterative learning scheme is developed using the local formation error data with anticipation in time, and a sufficient condition is derived to guarantee that the desired formation can be preserved during the whole finite-time motion or operation process, even in the pres-ence of initial formation errors. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Online Adaptive Optimal Tracking Control of Nonholonomic Mobile Robot

Kai Wang,Yingmin Jia,Junping Du,Jun Zhang 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

A velocity control law is developed for the kinematic steering system of nonholonomic mobile robot to track a reference trajectory not only to make the posture error asymptotically stable but also considered optimality based on a pre-defined cost function. In order to make the cost function finite, we transformed the tracking problem into a regulation problem by redefining system states and inputs. The proposed online and forward-in-time policy iteration (PI) algorithm based on approximate dynamic programming (ADP) to solve the continuous-time(CT) optimal control problem with infinite horizon cost by solving of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. This method learns online in real-time to approximate the cost function by using a single neural networks (NNs), and then the near optimal control policy can be computed directly according to the cost function, which removes the action network appearing in the ordinary ADP methods. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Sliding Mode Boundary Control for a Planar Two-link Rigid-flexible Manipulator with Input Disturbances

Fengming Han,Yingmin Jia 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.2

This paper investigates the robust control problem for a planar two-link rigid-flexible coupling manipulator, whose input torques are influenced by bounded disturbances. A nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) model which only contains measurable states in the boundary conditions is developed and based on this model, and a sliding mode control (SMC) scheme is proposed to realize joint angles reaching desired value, flexible vibration suppression and anti-interference. To overcome the difficulties brought by the inherent nonlinearity of the PDE and controller, the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the closed-loop system are proven by the Galerkin approximation sequences. The numerical simulations demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of our control design.