대마/유리섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조 및 기계적 특성에 관한 연구

박영준(Yingjun Piao),수아다나(Suardana Ngakan Putu Gede),허일(Ri Xu),이중희(Joong Hee Lee),임재규(Jae Kyoo Lim) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.11

In this study, Hemp/Glass fiber hybrid composites were fabricated using hot compression mold method. The mechanical properties of the composites with three different fiber weight fractions were measured in order to investigate the effects of different composition and hemp fiber surface treatment by NaOH on the properties of the composite. Among tested samples, 50w%fiber composites show the highest of mechanical properties. The surface treated fiber composites exhibit higher mechanical properties comparing to the untreated fiber composites. The fracture surface of the composite was also observed by using SEM to understand the interface interaction between fibers and matrix.

Effects of Adding Essential Oil to the Diet of Weaned Pigs on Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Immune Response and Intestinal Health

Li, Pengfei,Piao, Xiangshu,Ru, Yingjun,Han, Xu,Xue, Lingfeng,Zhang, Hongyu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.11

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding essential oils to the diet of weaned pigs on performance, nutrient utilization, immune response and intestinal health. A total of 96 weaning pigs ($8.37{\pm}1.58$ kg) were allotted to one of three dietary treatments. The treatments consisted of an unsupplemented basal diet (negative control, NC) or similar diets supplemented with 0.01% of an essential oil product which contained 18% thymol and cinnamaldehyde (EOD) as well as a diet supplemented with 0.19% of an antibiotic mixture which provided 150 ppm chlortetracycline, 80 ppm colistin sulfate and 50 ppm kitasamycin (positive control, PC). Each treatment was provided to eight pens of pigs with four pigs per pen. Over the entire 35 d experiment, ADG and fecal score were improved (p<0.05) for pigs fed the PC and EOD compared with the NC. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility as well as lymphocyte proliferation for pigs fed the PC and EOD diets were increased significantly compared with NC (p<0.05). IGF-I levels in plasma were significantly increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed the PC diet compared with pigs fed the NC diet. Interleukin-6 concentration was lower (p<0.05) and the tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ level was higher (p<0.05) in the plasma of pigs fed the EOD diet than the NC diet. Plasma total antioxidant capacity level increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed the EOD diet compared with pigs fed the NC. Villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was greater (p<0.05) in pigs fed the PC and EOD diets than the NC. The numbers of E. coli in the cecum, colon and rectum were reduced (p<0.05) in pigs fed the PC and EOD diets compared with the control. In the colon, the ratio of Lactobacilli to E. coli was increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed the EOD diet compared with NC diet. Total aerobe numbers in the rectum were decreased (p<0.05) in pigs fed the PC and EOD diets compared with the control. Collectively, these results indicate that blends of essential oils could be a candidate for use as an alternative to traditional antibiotics in weaning pig diets.

Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based Direct-fed Microbial on Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Intestinal Morphology and Cecal Microflora in Broiler Chickens

Lei, Xinjian,Piao, Xiangshu,Ru, Yingjun,Zhang, Hongyu,Peron, Alexandre,Zhang, Huifang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.2

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the dietary supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of two hundred and eighty eight 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated to one of four experimental treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was fed to eight replicate cages, with nine birds per cage. Dietary treatments were composed of an antibiotic-free basal diet (control), and the basal diet supplemented with either 15 mg/kg of virginiamycin as antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), 30 mg/kg of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based DFM (DFM 30) or 60 mg/kg of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based DFM (DFM 60). Experimental diets were fed in two phases: starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42). Growth performance, nutrient utilization, morphological parameters of the small intestine and cecal microbial populations were measured at the end of the starter (d 21) and finisher (d 42) phases. During the starter phase, DFM and virginiamycin supplementation improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR; p<0.01) compared with the control group. For the finisher phase and the overall experiment (d 1 to 42) broilers fed diets with the DFM had better body weight gain (BWG) and FCR than that of control (p<0.05). Supplementation of virginiamycin and DFM significantly increased the total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM) and gross energy during both starter and finisher phases (p<0.05) compared with the control group. On d 21, villus height, crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were significantly increased for the birds fed with the DFM diets as compared with the control group (p<0.05). The DFM 30, DFM 60, and AGP groups decreased the Escherichia coli population in cecum at d 21 and d 42 compared with control group (p<0.01). In addition, the population of Lactobacillus was increased in DFM 30 and DFM 60 groups as compared with control and AGP groups (p<0.01). It can be concluded that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based DFM could be an alternative to the use of AGPs in broilers diets based on plant protein.

Mechanical properties due to water absorption and fiber chemical treatment of coir fibers reinforced PLA composites

Suardana Ngakan Putu Gede,Yingjun Piao,Ri Xu,Jae Kyoo Lim(임재규) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.11

In this study, mechanical properties of coir/PLA composites were studied under different water immersion time. Coir/PLA composite were prepared using coir fiber treated with NaOH and NaOH followed by soaking in acrylic acid (AA) 0.5% solution with varying immersion time. Fraction volume of the fibers in the PLA composites was fixed at 40%. Water absorption, tensile and flexural properties of these composite were analyzed. The tensile and flexural test are conducted according to ASTM standard D3039 and ASTM D790, respectively. The water uptake process for all specimens sharply increased and approach saturation after 169h. Th e composite with NaOH treated of fiber was the highest to absorb the water. Overall, composites with NaOH followed by AA as a chemical treatment of coir fiber have greater tensile and bending strength than those of untreated and NaOH treated fiber. Based on the immersion time for coir in the AA solution, the maximum tensile and bending strength of composites occur at 0.5h for all water immersion time of composites. The flexural properties of PLA/coir composites shows a decrease tendency when 6h water immersion. Tensile fracture surface morphologies of the composites were observed using SEM method.

Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based Direct-fed Microbial on Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Intestinal Morphology and Cecal Microflora in Broiler Chickens

Xinjian Lei,Xiangshu Piao,Yingjun Ru,Hongyu Zhang,Alexandre Peron,Huifang Zhang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.2

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the dietary supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of two hundred and eighty eight 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated to one of four experimental treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was fed to eight replicate cages, with nine birds per cage. Dietary treatments were composed of an antibiotic-free basal diet (control), and the basal diet supplemented with either 15 mg/kg of virginiamycin as antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), 30 mg/kg of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based DFM (DFM 30) or 60 mg/kg of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based DFM (DFM 60). Experimental diets were fed in two phases: starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42). Growth performance, nutrient utilization, morphological parameters of the small intestine and cecal microbial populations were measured at the end of the starter (d 21) and finisher (d 42) phases. During the starter phase, DFM and virginiamycin supplementation improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR; p<0.01) compared with the control group. For the finisher phase and the overall experiment (d 1 to 42) broilers fed diets with the DFM had better body weight gain (BWG) and FCR than that of control (p<0.05). Supplementation of virginiamycin and DFM significantly increased the total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM) and gross energy during both starter and finisher phases (p<0.05) compared with the control group. On d 21, villus height, crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were significantly increased for the birds fed with the DFM diets as compared with the control group (p<0.05). The DFM 30, DFM 60, and AGP groups decreased the Escherichia coli population in cecum at d 21 and d 42 compared with control group (p<0.01). In addition, the population of Lactobacillus was increased in DFM 30 and DFM 60 groups as compared with control and AGP groups (p<0.01). It can be concluded that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based DFM could be an alternative to the use of AGPs in broilers diets based on plant protein.

Mechanical properties of coconut filter fiber

Suardana Ngakan Putu Gede,Ruihua Hu,Yoon Ho-Chel,Chul-In Kim,Yingjun Piao,Ri Xu,Jae Kyoo Lim 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

In this study, mechanical properties of single coconut filter (CF) and coconut husk (CH) fiber were compared under the same chemical treatment conditions. The fibers were subjected to various surface treatments as follow: CF and CH fibers were treated using 6%w/v NaOH solution at 95℃ for 3 hours, respectively, and then they were washed with water to remove NaOH solution sticking to the fiber surface and dried in oven for 24 hours at 70℃. After that they were soaked in 0.5%, 1%,3% acrylic acid for 0.5, 1 and 3 hours and then washed with distilled water and dried in oven at 70℃ for 72 hours. The tensile test is conducted according to ASTM standard (C1557-03). Tensile strength, Young's modulus (E) and strain at break (ε<SUB>b</SUB>) were evaluated. Mechanical properties of CF fiber are more than twice of those of CH fiber except the strain at break (ε<SUB>b</SUB>) is lower than that of CH. NaOH treated fibers (CF and CH) have higher tensile strength, E and ε<SUB>b</SUB> than those of untreated fibers. Based on the immersion time, the maximum tensile strength and E of CF occur at 0.5h immersion for all acrylic acid concentration. They show a decrease tendency when the immersion time increased. While the maximum tensile strength and E of CH occur at 3h immersion for all acrylic acid concentration and the lowest tensile strength and E at 1h acrylic acid immersion but higher than untreated. The maximum tensile strength and E of both CF and CH occur at 0.5% acrylic acid for all immersion time and show a decrease tendency when the acrylic acid concentration increased. Surface morphologies of the fiber were observed using SEM method and FTIR for characterizing chemically modified fiber.