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Young-Kyun Kim,Young Gyu Cho,Jae Heon Kang,Hyun Ah Park,Kyoung Woo Kim,Yang Im Hur,Yeon Gak Yoo,Jiyoung An 대한가정의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.36 No.2
Ba ckground: Korean women are known to have a very low smoking rate. However, the actual smoking rateamong Korean women is higher than 10% and may continue to increase gradually. In addition, some Koreanwomen use extreme weight control methods that have potentially harmful effects. This study was conductedto elucidate weight control methods related to cotinine-verified smoking among Korean adult women. Me thods: This cross-sectional study involved 4,189 women aged ≥19 years who had attempted weightcontrol during the past 1 year from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,2008–2011. Smoking status was assessed using both self-report questionnaires and assays of urinarycotinine, and weight control methods were investigated using self-report questionnaires. Re sults: The smoking rate based on the measurement of urinary cotinine was 12.4% ± 0.8% amongKorean women. Cotinine-verified smokers were more likely to attempt fasting (odds ratio, 2.19; 95%confidence intervals, 1.03 to 4.67), taking prescription diet-pills (odds ratio, 2.37; 95% confidenceintervals, 1.47 to 3.82), and taking nonprescription diet-pills (odds ratio, 3.46; 95% confidenceintervals, 1.71 to 6.98), and were less likely to attempt eating less food or modifying dietary patterns(odds ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence intervals, 0.51 to 0.99) compared to non-smokers. Co nclusion: Korean adult women’s smoking is independently related to a high likelihood of usingweight control methods with potentially harmful effects, such as fasting and taking diet-pills, anda low likelihood of choosing weight control methods, including dietary modification, that requireconstant effort for a prolonged time.
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Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Choi, Jung Hoon,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, In Hye,Cho, Jeong-Hwi,Lee, Jae-Chul,Koo, Hyun-Mo,Hwangbo, Gak,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Hwang, In Koo,Cho, Jun Hwi,Choi, Soo Young,Kwon, Young-Guen SAGE Publications 2016 Neurorehabilitation and neural repair Vol.30 No.9
<P>Background. The positive correlation between therapeutic exercise and memory recovery in cases of ischemia has been extensively studied; however, long-term exercise begun after ischemic neuronal death as a chronic neurorestorative strategy has not yet been thoroughly examined. Objective. The purpose of this study is to investigate possible mechanisms by which exercise ameliorates ischemia-induced memory impairment in the aged gerbil hippocampus after transient cerebral ischemia. Methods. Treadmill exercise was begun 5 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) and lasted for 1 or 4 weeks. The animals were sacrificed 31 days after the induction of ischemia. Changes in short-term memory, as well as the hippocampal expression of markers of cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, neurogenesis, myelin and microvessel repair, and growth factors were examined by immunohistochemistry and/or western blots. Results. Four weeks of exercise facilitated memory recovery despite neuronal damage in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the hippocampal CA1 region and in the polymorphic layer (PoL) of the dentate gyrus (DG) after I-R. Long-term exercise enhanced cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in a time-dependent manner, and newly generated mature cells were found in the granule cell layer of the DG, but not in the SP of the CA1 region or in the PoL of the DG. In addition, long-term exercise ameliorated ischemia-induced damage of myelin and microvessels, which was correlated with increased BDNF expression in the CA1 region and the DG. Conclusions. These results suggest that long-term treadmill exercise after I-R can restore memory function through replacement of multiple damaged structures in the ischemic aged hippocampus.</P>
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