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Processing of Anomalous Sentences in Japanese: An fMRI Study
Yuko Sassa,Motoaki Sugiura,Jobu Watanabe,Yuko Akitsuki,Yasuhiro Maeda,Yoshihiko Matsue,Ryuta Kawashima 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2007 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.8 No.2
Most previous neuroimaging studies of anomalous sentence processing have used Indo-European languages to separately identify syntactic and semantic processing mechanisms. However, typologically distant languages such as Japanese use different sources of information in grammatical role assignments. Thus, we expected that the activation pattern during processing of anomalous sentences in Japanese would be at least partially different from that in other languages reported in previous studies. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure activation during judgments of the correctness of normal and anomalous sentences in native Japanese speakers. We presented simple Japanese sentences as auditory stimuli. Significant activation was found in the left middle and inferior frontal regions (pars orbitaris and pars triangularis) and the superior parietal lobule during processing of sentences with semantic violations. On the other hand, no preferential activation was found, except for the left anterior part of the superior temporal gyrus, during the processing of sentences with syntactic violations. Additionally, activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, which has been reported in previous studies using Indo-European languages, was not found in our study. The results support our assumption that the left inferior frontal gyrus plays a minor role in syntactic processing of simple Japanese sentences.
Yuji Hotta,Naoya Ieda,Ayako Fukamoto,Tomoya Kataoka,Yoshihiro Kawade,Yasuhiro Maeda,Hidehiko Nakagawa,Kazunori Kimura 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.3
Purpose: To investigate whether relaxation of the rat penile corpus cavernosum could be controlled with NOBL-1, a novel, light-controllable nitric oxide (NO) releaser. Materials and Methods: Fifteen-week-old male Wistar-ST rats were used. The penile corpus cavernosum was prepared and used in an isometric tension study. After noradrenaline (10-5 M) achieved precontraction, the penile corpus cavernosum was irradiated by light (470–500 nm) with and without NOBL-1 (10-6 M). In addition, we noted rats' responses to light with vardenafil (10-6 M), a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor. Next, responses to light in the presence of a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, ODQ (1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one) (10-5 M), were measured. All measurements were performed in pretreated L-NAME (10-4 M) conditions to inhibit endogenous NO production. Results: Corpus cavernosal smooth muscle, precontracted with noradrenaline, was unchanged by light irradiation in the absence of NOBL-1. However, in the presence of NOBL-1, corpus cavernosal smooth muscle, precontracted with noradrenaline, relaxed in response to light irradiation. After blue light irradiation ceased, tension returned. In addition, the light response was obviously enhanced in the presence of a PDE-5 inhibitor. Conclusions: This study showed that rat corpus cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation can be light-controlled using NOBL-1, a novel, light sensitive NO releaser. Though further in vivo studies are needed to investigate possible usefulness, NOBL-1 may be prove to be a useful tool for erectile dysfunction therapy, specifically in the field of penile rehabilitation.
Impact of sarcopenia on biliary drainage during neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer
Kunio Kataoka,Eizaburo Ohno,Takuya Ishikawa,Kentaro Yamao,Yasuyuki Mizutani,Tadashi Iida,Hideki Takami,Osamu Maeda,Junpei Yamaguchi,Yukihiro Yokoyama,Tomoki Ebata,Yasuhiro Kodera,Hiroki Kawashima 대한소화기내시경학회 2024 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.57 No.1
Background/Aims: Since the usefulness of neoadjuvant chemo(radiation) therapy (NAT) for pancreatic cancer has been demonstrated, recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) in patients with pancreatic cancer with a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) during NAT is expected to increase. This study investigated the impact of sarcopenia on RBO in this setting. Methods: Patients were divided into normal and low skeletal muscle index (SMI) groups and retrospectively analyzed. Patient characteristics, overall survival, time to RBO (TRBO), stent-related adverse events, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the risk factors for short TRBO. Results: A few significant differences were observed in patient characteristics, overall survival, stent-related adverse events, and postoperative complications between 38 patients in the normal SMI group and 17 in the low SMI group. The median TRBO was not reached in the normal SMI group and was 112 days in the low SMI group (p=0.004). In multivariate analysis, low SMI was the only risk factor for short TRBO, with a hazard ratio of 5.707 (95% confidence interval, 1.148–28.381; p=0.033). Conclusions: Sarcopenia was identified as an independent risk factor for RBO in patients with pancreatic cancer with FCSEMS during NAT.
Keiichi Nakahara,Satoshi Yamashita,Katsumasa Ideo,Seigo Shindo,Tomohiro Suga,Akihiko Ueda,Shoji Honda,Tomoo Hirahara,Masaki Watanabe,Taro Yamashita,Yasushi Maeda,Yasuhiro Yonemochi,Tomohiro Takita,Yuk 대한신경과학회 2014 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.10 No.4
Background Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a rare causative pathogen ofbrain abscess that is often found in immunocompromised patients. Although patients with supratentorial listerial abscesses showed a longer survival with surgical drainage, the standardtherapy for patients with subtentorial lesions has not been established. Case Report We report herein a patient with supra- and subtentorial brain abscesses causedby L. monocytogenes infection. These abscesses did not respond to antibiotics, and his symptoms gradually worsened. Drainage was not indicated for subtentorial lesions, and the patientwas additionally treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which dramatically reduced the volume of abscesses and improved the symptoms. Conclusions This is the first report of drastic therapy for a patient with listerial brain abscesses involving combined antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The findings suggestthat hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a good option for treating patients with deep-seated listerialabscesses and for who surgical drainage is not indicated.