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Zamurrad Arshad,Muhammad Ali Nasir,Yasir Baig,Muhammad Zeeshan,Rizwan Ahmed Malik,Khubab Shaker,Azhar Hussain,M. Latif,Maryam Sattar,Hussein Alrobei 한국고분자학회 2020 폴리머 Vol.44 No.5
This work focuses on the synthesis of a novel hybrid composite, fabricated by utilizing jute and carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composites through hand layup technique to replace pure carbon-epoxy fiber composites. The mechanical properties were evaluated by drop weight impact and tension-tension fatigue tests. The tension-tension fatigue test was conducted to monitor the dynamic stiffness and fatigue life degradation of hybrid composite materials by varying the layers of jute fiber. The maximum peak load during the impact test was observed as 1081.7 N in case of carbon/jute/ carbon/jute/carbon (CJCJC) stacking sequence composite materials. Finally, the surface morphology of hybrid composite materials was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after mechanical tests to check the delamination, fiber pull-out and matrix cracks. It can be concluded from the obtained mechanical results that the newly developed composite with 15% jute/carbon-epoxy hybrid materials has the potential to swap carbon-epoxy composite without much loss of fatigue life along with relatively enhanced ductility as well as impact strength.
Abdul MANSOOR,Syed Tahir HUSSAIN,Syed Imran RAIS,Malik Fahim BASHIR,Yasir Bin TARIQ,Maria KAUSAR 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.2
The study intends to investigate a short-run and a long-run causality among money, income, and prices in the Keynesian and Monetarists framework. This study emphasizes the importance of unrecorded money, which exists alongside legal monetary assets and plays a dual function in determining economic prosperity. The underground economy, which is a hidden component of aggregate economic activity, is determined using Tanzi’s monetary approach (Tanzi, 1980). This research uses a time series of annual data from 1990 to 2019 for this purpose. The data is extracted from the World Bank database for the monetary and development indicators. The study keeping in view the trending nature in data follows a unit root testing followed by the Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) to assess the long and short-run dynamics of causality among the variables. In both the pricing and income equations, the study finds a significant level link among the variables; however, there is no evidence of the presence of a level association in the money equation. The shortrun causal relationship provides evidence of bi-directional causation between the supply of money and national income. The outcome of this study advise that though the view point of both the Monetarist and Keynesian school holds in both short and long run, however, in Pakistan only the Monetarists’ role of money supply and income holds in Pakistan. This evidence would be of precise interest to the policy-makers.