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Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in 6–9-Year-Old Children of Visnagar: A Cross-Sectional Study
Fernandes Shoba,Shah Zeel,Agrawal Swetal,Bafna Yash,Patel Dharati,Parmar Dimpal 대한수면학회 2024 sleep medicine research Vol.15 No.1
Background and Objective The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing is extremely high, yet it is largely ignored. Significant adverse medical and psychological outcomes are associated with sleep-related respiratory disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Treatment and an early diagnosis will aid in averting additional severe consequences. Our study aimed to assess prevalence of OSA among 6–9-year-old children in Visnagar.Methods The approval of the school authorities and ethics committee was received. A sample size of 455 was determined. Clinical inspection was used to determine the prevalence of OSA in children aged 6 to 9 years using the “FAIREST-6” and BEARS criteria. The cases were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. By employing the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test, inferential statistics were calculated.Results Prevalence of 8.13% (n = 37) among sample of 453 participants was observed. Gender predilection was found to be in 43.2% (n = 16) among females and 56.8% (n = 21) among males. Those diagnosed with OSA were categorized as mild 17 (45.94%), moderate 12 (32.43%), and severe 8 (21.62%).Conclusions OSA prevalence was determined 8.13% in the Visnagar population of children and adolescents aged 6 to 9 years using the FAIREST and BEARS questionnaire.
Ravi Ranjan Rai,Yash Shah,Siddharth Shah,Nigil Sadanandan Palliyil,Samir Dalvie 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.4
Objective: To study the association of facet joint angulation and joint tropism with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) through a comparison with a matched control group. Methods: This radiographic study was carried out in 2 groups of 45 patients each. Group A contained patients with single-level DS, while group B (control) contained non-DS patients with similar age and degeneration who underwent surgery for disc prolapse or lumbar stenosis. DS was diagnosed based on translation of ≥3 mm on standing lateral radiography. Axial magnetic resonance imaging from L3 to S1 was utilized to assess the angulation of facet joints in relation to the coronal plane; a difference of ≥8° was considered to indicate tropism. Results: Among 45 patients with DS, 15 were males and 30 females. Their mean age was 62.2 years. Facet tropism was identified in 20 of 45 patients at the level of DS, 12 patients at a level proximal to DS, and 15 patients at a level distal to DS. Facet tropism was found in 7 of the 45 patients in group B. At L3–4, facet tropism was observed in 13 patients (28.88%) in group A and 2 (4.44%) in group B. At L4–5, tropism was observed in 19 patients (42.22%) in group A and 5 (11.11%) in group B. At L5–S1, tropism was seen in 17 patients (37.77%) in group A and 2 (4.44%) in group B. Group A showed a significantly higher prevalence of multilevel facet tropism and tropism at levels adjacent to the DS level. A higher average angulation of facet joints was observed in the DS group, but the difference was not statistically significant at all levels. Conclusion: The present study documented a statistically significant relationship between facet tropism and DS. A higher prevalence of facet tropism was also found in DS patients at non-DS levels, which is a novel observation. This finding supports the argument that facet tropism is a pre-existing morphological variation contributing to the development of DS, not a result of secondary remodelling.
Influence of Body Composition on the Perioperative and Survival Outcomes of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Edouard H. Nicaise,Benjamin N. Schmeusser,Yash B. Shah,Mehmet A. Bilen,Kenneth Ogan,Viraj A. Master 대한비뇨기종양학회 2023 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.21 No.3
The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date understanding of the literature describing the impact of body composition on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) prognosis and outcomes. Although obesity is recognized as a risk factor for RCC development, overweight patients with localized and advanced RCC display more favorable outcomes than normal-weight individuals. However, obesity as measured by body mass index is a poor indicator of total body fat, fails to account for lean muscle mass, and inconsistently predicts perioperative and survival outcomes in RCC. Recent studies have suggested that objective measurements of lean and fat body masses from various compartments have strong prognostic utility. Low muscle mass (i.e., sarcopenia) and low visceral adiposity are often associated with poorer survival outcomes in localized and advanced RCC. These patients tend to experience higher rates of recurrence, progression, treatment failure, and death from kidney cancer. Given the influence of body composition in RCC outcomes, further characterization of the role of prehabilitation programs is warranted to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of interventions targeting these modifiable factors.