Functional role of serotonin in insulin secretion in a diet-induced insulin-resistant state.

Kim, Kyuho,Oh, Chang-Myung,Ohara-Imaizumi, Mica,Park, Sangkyu,Namkung, Jun,Yadav, Vijay K,Tamarina, Natalia A,Roe, Michael W,Philipson, Louis H,Karsenty, Gerard,Nagamatsu, Shinya,German, Michael S,Kim The Endocrine Society 2015 Endocrinology Vol.156 No.2

<P>The physiological role of serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), in pancreatic β-cell function was previously elucidated using a pregnant mouse model. During pregnancy, 5-HT increases β-cell proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through the Gαq-coupled 5-HT2b receptor (Htr2b) and the 5-HT3 receptor (Htr3), a ligand-gated cation channel, respectively. However, the role of 5-HT in β-cell function in an insulin-resistant state has yet to be elucidated. Here, we characterized the metabolic phenotypes of β-cell-specific Htr2b(-/-) (Htr2b βKO), Htr3a(-/-) (Htr3a knock-out [KO]), and β-cell-specific tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1)(-/-) (Tph1 βKO) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Htr2b βKO, Htr3a KO, and Tph1 βKO mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance on a standard chow diet. After 6 weeks on an HFD, beginning at 4 weeks of age, both Htr3a KO and Tph1 βKO mice developed glucose intolerance, but Htr2b βKO mice remained normoglycemic. Pancreas perfusion assays revealed defective first-phase insulin secretion in Htr3a KO mice. GSIS was impaired in islets isolated from HFD-fed Htr3a KO and Tph1 βKO mice, and 5-HT treatment improved insulin secretion from Tph1 βKO islets but not from Htr3a KO islets. Tph1 and Htr3a gene expression in pancreatic islets was not affected by an HFD, and immunostaining could not detect 5-HT in pancreatic islets from mice fed an HFD. Taken together, these results demonstrate that basal 5-HT levels in β-cells play a role in GSIS through Htr3, which becomes more evident in a diet-induced insulin-resistant state.</P>

Graphene-BODIPY as a photocatalyst in the photocatalytic-biocatalytic coupled system for solar fuel production from CO2

Yadav, R.,Baeg, J. O.,Kumar, A.,Kong, K. j.,Oh, G.,Park, N. J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.2 No.14

The utilization of CO2 for production of solar fuels/chemicals is gaining increasing importance due to worldwide fossil-fuel shortage and global warming. As a means to achieve this, we herein report on the synthesis and development of a graphene-based visible light active photocatalyst (CCG-BODIPY) which is chemically converted graphene (CCG) covalently bonded to a light harvesting BODIPY molecule (1-picolylamine-2-aminophenyl-3-oxy-phenyl-4,4'-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-triazine). The photocatalyst-biocatalyst coupled system developed using CCG-BODIPY as photocatalyst functions in a highly efficient manner, leading to high NADH regeneration (54.02 +/- 0.61%), followed by its consumption in exclusive formic acid production (144.2 +/- 1.8 mmol) from CO2. The present research endeavour highlights the development and application of a graphene based photocatalyst for direct solar fuel formation from carbon dioxide.

Breakthrough behaviour of NBC canister against carbon tetrachloride: a simulant for chemical warfare agents

Avanish Kumar Srivastava,D. Shah,T.H. Mahato,Beer Singh,A. Saxena,A.K. Verma,S. Shrivastava,A. Roy,S.S. Yadav,A.R. Shrivastava 한국탄소학회 2012 Carbon Letters Vol.13 No.2

A nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) canister was indigenously developed using active carbon impregnated with ammoniacal salts of copper (II), chromium (VI) and silver (I), and high efficiency particulate aerosol filter media. The NBC canister was evaluated against carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) vapours, which were used as a simulant for persistent chemical warfare agents under dynamic conditions for testing breakthrough times of canisters of gas masks in the National Approval Test of Respirators. The effects of CCl4 concentration, test flow rate, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) on the breakthrough time of the NBC canister against CCl4 vapour were also studied. The impregnated carbon that filled the NBC canister was characterized for surface area and pore volume by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm at liquid nitrogen temperature. The study clearly indicated that the NBC canister provides adequate protection against CCl4 vapours. The breakthrough time decreased with the increase of the CCl4 concentration and flow rate. The variation in temperature and RH did not significantly affect the breakthrough behaviour of the NBC canister at high vapour concentration of CCl4, whereas the breakthrough time of the NBC canister was reduced by an increase of RH at low CCl4 vapour concentration.

High electrochemical performance asymmetric supercapacitor based on La₂O₃//Co₃O₄ electrodes

Yadav, A.A.,Lokhande, A.C.,Kim, J.H.,Lokhande, C.D. THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING 2017 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY -S Vol.56 No.-

<P>The Co3O4 and La2O3 electrodes are prepared using chemical bath deposition method. The electrochemical properties of Co3O4 and La2O3 electrodes show maximum specific capacitance of 415 and 288 Fg(-1) in potential window of 0.0 to -0.6 and -0.2 to 0.5 V/SCE, respectively in 1 M KOH electrolyte at scan rate of 5 mV s(-1). The solid state asymmetric supercapacitor device (ASC) is fabricated using Co3O4 as an anode and La2O3 as a cathode with PVA-KOH gel as a solid electrolyte and separator. Co3O4//La2O3 asymmetric supercapacitor shows good performance with specific capacitance of 15 F g(-1) and 92% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. The energy and power densities are 42.9 Wh kg(-1) and 108.2 W kg(-1), respectively. Two assembled Co3O4/P2O3 ASCs devices in series lights up red LED after charging for 45 s. (C) 2017 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Numerical solution of unsteady advection dispersion equation arising in contaminant transport through porous media using neural networks

Yadav, N.,Yadav, A.,Kim, J.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS - Vol.72 No.4

<P>A soft computing approach based on artificial neural network (ANN) and optimization is presented for the numerical solution of the unsteady one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation (ADE) arising in contaminant transport through porous media. A length factor ANN method, based on automatic satisfaction of arbitrary boundary conditions (BCs) was chosen for the numerical solution of ADE. The strength of ANN is exploited to construct a trial approximate solution (TAS) for ADE in a way that it satisfies the initial or BCs exactly. An unsupervised error is constructed in approximating the solution of ADE which is minimized by training ANN using gradient descent algorithm (GDA). Two challenging test problems of ADE are considered in this paper, in which, the first problem has steep boundary layers near x = 1 and many numerical methods create non-physical oscillation near steep boundaries. Also for the second problem many numerical schemes suffer from computational noise and instability issues. The proposed method is advantageous as it does not require temporal discretization for the solution of the ADEs as well as it does not suffer from numerical instability. The reliability and effectiveness of the presented algorithm is investigated by sufficient large number of independent runs and comparison of results with other existing numerical methods. The results show that the present method removes the difficulties arising in the solution of the ADEs and provides solution with good accuracy. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Functional TiO2 nanocoral architecture for light-activated cancer chemotherapy

Yadav, Hemraj M.,Thorat, Nanasaheb D.,Yallapu, Murali M.,Tofail, Syed A. M.,Kim, Jung-Sik The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry B Vol.5 No.7

<P>To achieve light-triggered drug release in cancer chemotherapy, we developed multimodal titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocorals modified with methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG). TiO2 nanocoral-like structures were synthesized by optimizing a solvothermal method. The developed nanocoral structures were efficiently conjugated with chemotherapeutic drugs on the surfaces of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The mPEG on the surfaces of the multifunctional nanocorals effectively conjugated the drug and improved the biocompatibility of the nanocorals. Following UV light irradiation, the TiO2 nanocorals produce free radicals (˙OH and ˙O2<SUP>−</SUP>) and are effective for drug release in cancer cells. Importantly, the amount of drug released from the multimodal TiO2 nanocorals can be regulated by UV-light irradiation time, which allows for further control of the anti-cancer effect. The multimodal TiO2 nanocorals exhibit a combination of light-activated, stimuli-triggered drug release for killing of cancer cell. The cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and intracellular location of the formulations were evaluated in MCF7 cells. Our results showed that nanocoral-DOX complexes exhibited a greater cytotoxicity toward MCF7 cells than free DOX. Our work demonstrates that the therapeutic efficacy of DOX-loaded TiO2 nanocorals is strongly dependent on their loading mode and the chemotherapeutic effect is improved under UV light illumination, which provides a significant breakthrough for future applications of TiO2 as a light activated drug carrier in cancer chemotherapy.</P>

A Novel Searching Algorithm based on Reinforcement Learning

Anil Kumar Yadav,A. K. Sachan 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.6

We introduce an application-oriented reinforcement learning searching algorithm designed for problem with fast learning and capturing goal in less amount of time especially in robotics and games. The importance of game playing in machine learning is an exhaustive application of autonomous agent in real-world problem domain. In our previous published article represent that how autonomous agent learned through self-training and successful trained agent ready for execution [11].In this paper, we design and proposed a new application-oriented searching algorithm especially for game playing in grid world problem. In which first of all agents train all state and able to capture goal successfully. Reinforcement learning is a type of decision making system that takes decision on the basis of reward or penalty signal and learned from environment. Many games, there are no such things that follow fast learning as well as searching and genuine movement for each step. For every state action agent stored previous values in terms of q values in a look-up table. It helps for agent decision making capability during goal hitting or pray captured in the real-world game. In order to access and simulate new searching algorithms in mat lab and evaluated by comparison with different RL techniques [2, 11-12].

CO2 gas sensing properties of La2O3 thin films deposited at various substrate temperatures

Yadav, A. A.,Lokhande, A. C.,Shinde, P. A.,Kim, J. H.,Lokhande, C. D. Chapman and Hall 2017 Journal of materials science Materials in electron Vol. No.

Supercapacitive activities of porous La₂O₃ symmetric flexible solid-state device by hydrothermal method

Yadav, A.A.,Lokhande, A.C.,Kim, J.H.,Lokhande, C.D. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.41 No.41

In present work, microrod structured La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films are grown on to the stainless steel substrate using a binder free single step hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological and active surface area properties of La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin film are studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transformation spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmer-Teller (BET) techniques. The La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin film electrode showed the maximum specific capacitance of 250 F g<SUP>-1</SUP> at a scan rate of 5 mV s<SUP>-1</SUP> with an excellent cycling performance (81%) up to 1000 cycles. The La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin film electrode shows maximum specific energy and specific power of 80 Wh kg<SUP>-1</SUP> and 1.5 kW kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The symmetric solid state supercapacitor devices (SSSD) with La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin film have been fabricated using gel electrolyte (PVA-LiClO<SUB>4</SUB>).

Fermentation, a feasible strategy for enhancing bioactivity of herbal medicines

Hussain, A.,Bose, S.,Wang, J.H.,Yadav, M.K.,Mahajan, G.B.,Kim, H. Published on behalf of the Canadian Institute of F 2016 Food Research International Vol.81 No.-

<P>Herbal drugs, which possess immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-infective, and anti-allergic activities, encompass various therapeutic areas, and have been used as traditional medicines for thousands of years. Fermentation is an indispensable traditional technology for the improving the efficacy or reducing adverse effects of herbal medicines. The fermentation process has been shown to improve biological properties of plants, vegetables, and herbs. More specifically, fermentation causes decomposition and/or biotransformation of complex substrates into compatible components, thereby modulating product properties or changing the quantity of certain bioactive compounds. Accumulating evidence indicates the valuable contribution of probiotics and their fermented food products to health. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to fermentation technology across the globe for improving herbal drugs through production and enrichment of additional bioactive metabolites of medicinal importance including isoflavones, saponins, phytosterols, and phenols. For example, the phenolic contents of the herbal preparation can be increased as a consequence of fermentation and a positive correlation between polyphenols and the anti-oxidant activities of herbs has been well demonstrated. This is in agreement with evidence showing fermentation-mediated enhancement of the pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacies of herbal formulations against a number of diseases including obesity and inflammation. The subject of fermentation of herbal preparations has been maturing and gaining considerable attention of scientific and technical communities worldwide. In the current review we have addressed these issues in detail with emphasis on understanding the contribution of fermentation-derived bioactive substances to therapies against a number of diseases. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>