新加坡小學華文字頻硏究

동아여 ( Ya Ru Dong ),이국영 ( Guo Ying Li ) 한국한자한문교육학회 2012 漢字 漢文敎育 Vol.28 No.-

新加坡因爲社會語言環境的改變進行了2004年和2011年兩次大規模的華文敎改, 由"少敎多學"到"樂學善用". 作者認爲, 這只是敎學策略上的突破, 其核心問題卽新加坡小學華文識字敎學"識什마"(字種)、"識多少"(字量)、"즘마識"(字序)三個最基本的問題병沒有解決. 本論文對新加坡2007年出版的『小學華文』12冊敎材中的核心單元部分、課外閱讀輔助讀物『記憶像一個箱子』、輔助刊物『新朋友』、『新天地』、『新列車』的封面閱讀篇章和華文報刊『聯合早報』中的頭版國際、國內和敎育新聞進行字頻調査, 建立了由這四種材料構成的數據庫, 分別從字種、字量、字序、覆蓋率、復現率等方面對閱讀篇章進行統計、分析與硏究, 報告目前新加坡小學識字敎材幷不符合新加坡本地的華文字頻規律的現狀, 探討如何使新加坡小學生識字敎材設計更具新加坡特色, 更加科學化、合理化、系統化, 幷提出建立新加坡『兒童高頻字表』, 把字表中的字融入敎材編寫過程中, 科學建序;再建立『兒童常用字表』, 把타融入敎案設計過程中, 結合"滾動式"識字敎學法, 使學習者更加有趣地學習, 從而體現新加坡敎育部大力提倡和推廣的"樂學"的敎學理念和"善用"的敎學主張. Singapore changing social language environment has brought about two major reforms to the Chinese language education namely "teach less and learn more" and "making learning interesting and more relevant". The objective is to motivate pupils to learn more and encourage the capable pupils to help the weaker pupils in the learning process. However, the author believes that this reform is just a breakthrough in teaching strategies, but the core problem is not resolved. The primary school Chinese literacy teaching in Singapore has not been resolved which include 3 basic aspects like word types, word content and word order. In this thesis, the author focuses on word frequency survey taken from the following: (1) 12 core units in the primary school Chinese text books from the Singapore Ministry of Education. (2) Reading books which are widely used by Singapore primary school "Memory is like a box". (3) The front page of the auxiliary publications including "New Friends", "New World ", "New Train". (4) The front page of the Singapore Chinese newspaper "Lianhe Zaobao" which includes international, domestic and educational information. Based on the word species, the amount of words, word order and coverage of the four databases, statistics are compiled, analyzed and researched. It`s noted that the current Chinese language literacy teaching in Singapore primary schools is not so adequate. The literacy teaching materials in Singapore can be made more adequate by making them more featured, more scientific, reasonable and systematic. The author proposes the creation of two unique charts relevant to the Singapore children. Firstly "children`s high-frequency words" chart to be used for literacy teaching materials and secondly" children`s common usage words" chart to integrate with literacy teaching using`` rolling strategy`` and put it into the lesson plan design process, so that learning is made more interesting. This goes hand in hand with the Ministry of Education promotion "making learning interesting and more relevant".

Investigation on alkalinity of pore solution and microstructure of hardened cement-slag pastes in purified water

Hu, Ya-Ru,Zuo, Xiao-Bao,Li, Xiang-Nan,Jiang, Dong-Qi Techno-Press 2021 Advances in concrete construction Vol.12 No.6

To evaluate the influence of slag on the alkalinity of pore solution and microstructure of concrete, this paper performs a leaching experiment on hardened cement-slag pastes (HCSP) slice specimens with different slag content in purified water. The pH value of pore solution, average porosity, morphology, phase composition and Ca/Si of HCSP specimens in the leaching process are measured by solid-liquid extraction, saturated-dried weighing, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results shows that the addition of slag can mitigate an increase in porosity and a decrease in Ca/Si of HCSP in the leaching process. Besides, an appropriate slag content can improve the microstructure so as to obtain the optimum leaching resistance of HCSP, which can guarantee the suitable alkalinity of pore solution to prevent a premature corrosion of reinforced bar. The optimum slag content is 40% in HCSP with a water-binder ratio of 0.45, and an excessive slag causes a significant decrease in the alkalinity of pore solution, resulting in a loss of protection on reinforced bar in HCSP.

Isolation and Preliminary Identification of a Novel Microorganism Producing Aspartame from Soil Samples

Jian Dong Cui,Ya Nan Zhang,Gui Xia Zhao,Shi Ru Jia,Guo Qun Zhao,Si Zhang,Jun Lu 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.2

To develop a new method for producing aspartame (APM), a simple and efficient strategy for the isolation of certain microorganisms producing APM from soil samples was designed. A newly strain with secreting certain specific dipeptidase to directly synthesize APM from the substrates of L-aspartic acid (L-Asp) and Lphenylalanine methyl ester (L-PM) without protection for amino acid side chains was screened from soil samples. APM concentration in reaction mixture was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), yield reached 0.015 g/L. Examination of the general morphological characteristics and data from the sequence analysis of the rDNA-ITS gene led to identification of the isolate as a strain of fungal endophyte spp. The newly isolated strain had a high potential for application in industrial processes for APM production. In particular, this new method was low cost for synthesis of APM during the reaction due to avoiding protection for amino acid side chains and optical resolution of the mixtures. As we known it, this is first report that a newly strain with a high potential for selective synthesis of the APM was isolated from soil.

Influence of Controlled- and Uncontrolled-pH Operations on Recombinant Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Production in Escherichia coli

Jian Dong Cui,Gui Xia Zhao,Ya Nan Zhang,Shi Ru Jia 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.4

Effects of controlled- and uncontrolled-pH operations on phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) production by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain were investigated at uncontrolled-pH (pHUC) and controlled-pH (pHC) of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, and 8.5 in bioreactor systems. The results showed that the recombinant PAL activity was improved significantly by controlled pH strategy. Among the pHC operations, the highest PAL activities were obtained under pHC 7.5 strategy where cell mass (OD600 ㎚) and PAL activity was 1.3 and 1.8 fold higher than those of pHUC, respectively. The maximum PAL activity reached 123 U/g. The pHC 7.5 strategy made recombinant plasmid more stable and therefore allowed easier expression of PAL recombinant plasmid, which increased PAL production. It was indicated that the new approach (controlled-pH strategy) obtained in this work possessed a high potential for the industrial production of PAL, especially in the biosynthesis of Lphenylalanine.

CIC-3 chloride channel blockade protects mouse photoreceptorderived 661W cells against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury in vitro

Shi Wei Huang,Yuan Yin,Ya Juan Zheng,Ya Ru Dong 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2015 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.11 No.1

Exposure to ischemia/reperfusion leads to the development and progression of retinal degenerative diseases. However, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. In this article, the role of CIC-3 chloride channel in OGD-R (oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion)-induced retinal damage was examined. Mouse photoreceptor-derived 661W cells were treated with the CIC-3 antisense oligonucleotide before exposure to OGD-R. Cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome-c level, DNA fragmentation, caspase activity and protein expression were detected. Pretreatment of 661W cells with CIC- 3 antisense oligonucleotide significantly decreased OGD-R-mediated toxicity. In addition, apoptosis-related biochemical indicators showed that pre-incubation of CIC-3 antisense oligonucleotide would elevate the mitochondrial membrane potential, decrease the release of cytochrome-c as well as formation of DNA fragmentation, and inhibit activities of caspase-3 and caspase- 9 in exogenous OGD-R-treated 661W cells. Moreover, treatment with CIC-3 antisense oligonucleotide changed the expression of apoptosis-related protein. These results suggest that CIC-3 chloride channel mediates OGD-R-induced apoptosis, at least partially through mitochondrial membrane potential pathway and increasing the levels of proapoptotic molecules in 661W cells. CIC-3 chloride channel blockade may provide a new therapeutic approach for preventing ischemia/reperfusion- induced retinal neural damage.