Chemical pollution of indoor air in Japan

Ogawa,Takehiko 대한환경위생공학회 2000 대한환경위생공학회 심포지움 Vol.- No.-

Finding Factors as Predictors of Children’s Well-being Focusing On Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Analysis Results of the “Survey on Children’s Daily Life Among Eight Asian Countries 2021”

Junko Ogawa(Junko Ogawa ),Seiko Mochida(Seiko Mochida ),Haruo Kimura(Haruo Kimura ),Aiping Liu(Aiping Liu ),Yoichi Sakakihara(Yoichi Sakakihara ) The Pacific Early Childhood Education Research Ass 2024 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.18 No.1

This study aimed to obtain implications on childrearing and childcare practices for achieving children's well-being through analyzing factors predicting children's well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight Asian countries. We primarily focused on “resilience,” the ability to cope with and recover from difficult situations, which had been confirmed from previous studies as a positive factor towards children’s development in the context of hardships. We also chose other potential predictors referring to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, including mothers’ concerns about COVID-19, household income, number of playmates, support from childcare facilities/schools, family environments, and children’s lifestyles, and examined how these predictor variables predict children’s well-being. We found that children’s resilience strongly predicted their well-being, which was common in all eight countries. Family factors and children's daily life factors were also associated with children's well-being. The country-specific analysis also indicated the importance of support from childcare facilities/schools on well-being. Well-being and resilience are both psychological constructs and often studied as important indicators of child health. Resilience has been spot-lighted as an effective protective factor for children experiencing adversities such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We have found that resilience was the strongest predictor of well-being among other factors even during the COVID-19 pandemic.

[특집] “극동의 영국”으로 변해 가는 일본

Akira Ogawa(Akira Ogawa) 한국전략문제연구소 2002 전략연구 Vol.- No.24

The on-going Japan and the U.S. strategic security dialogues in the past nine months are remarkable events that are bearing fruits. A careful preparation began in early spring of 2000 in Washington. The bipartisan American team was created co-chaired by Ambassador Richard Armitage and Professor Joseph Nye. The outcome was issued in October of 2000 before the presidential election took place. After January of 2001, many co-authors of the report including Deputy Secretary of State Armitage joined with the Bush administration and assumed significant posts. The Bush's security policy toward Japan has been clearly stated in the report, which we now call the “Armitage Report”. Of course, the “Armitage Report”, a private policy recommendation, has never officially been endorsed by the Bush administration, but security experts consider it a de-facto and straight statement of the American will and strategy in the Asia-Pacific region. The “Armitage Report” stimulated the Japanese security community when it was made public. LDP (Liberal Democratic Party), under then-PM Yoshiro Mori, launched within the National Defense Division of the Policy Research Council a series of study sessions to investigate and formulate a response to the report. By March, the official LDP response to the “Armitage Report” was made public. This response was titled, “Establishing the Security Policy of Japan and the Japan-U.S. Alliance” and to be brief, called the “Response to Armitage Report”. The report was officially endorsed by LDP the ruling party of Japan. In April, PM Junichiro Koizumi took office and his security policy has been in line with the party's policy platform. The LDP's study groups have been dominating security policy formation in Japan as the opposition parties lack experience, staff and influence. Particularly in the security area, the thrust of the “Armitage Report” is expressed as follows. “We see the special relationship between the United States and Great Britain as a model for the alliance [between the U.S. and Japan]”. The report states “Washington must make clear that it welcomes a Japan that is willing to make a greater contribution and to become a more equal alliance partner”. This arrangement requires the following elements, according to the Report. 1) Reaffirming the defense commitment. The U.S. should reaffirm its commitment to the defense of Japan and those areas under the administrative control of Japan, including the Senkaku islands. 2) Diligent implementation of the revised Guidelines for U.S. -Japan Defense Cooperation, including passage of crisis management legislation. 3) Robust cooperation of all three U.S. armed services with their Japanese counterparts. The U.S. and Japan should strive for greater jointness. (...) They also should define how to assist each other with emerging new challenges, such as international terrorism and transnational criminal activity (...) peacekeeping and peacemaking activities. 4) Development of a force structure that has the characteristics of versatility, mobility, flexibility, diversity, and survivability. (...) We should strive to reduce the American military footprint in Japan as long as our capabilities can be maintained. The LDP's report echoed as the following. “[T]his report has identified, as one of the challenges to promoting wide-ranging global security cooperation in the future and to strengthening our bilateral cooperation, Japanese domestic legal matters including the prohibition on the exercise of the right of collective self-defense derived from the Japanese Constitution. This report has referred to specific measures to address this challenge”. The paper examines nature of strategic security dialogues initiated by the “Armitage Report” which was responded to by the LDP's report. It touches upon three key issues of 1) the right of collective self-defense, 2) emergency laws making, and, 3) missile defense. Prime Minister Koizu

Dilutant flow characteristics model of coarse particle suspensions with uniform size distribution

Ookawara, Shinichi,Ogawa, Kohei The Korean Society of Rheology 2003 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.15 No.1

It is expected that particle size distribution of any portion obtained through screening, is of more uniform than that of the original mixture, typically following such as log-normal, Rosin-Rammler distributions and so on. In this study, therefore, a new relation between parameters of the uniform distribution and flow characteristics of the coarse particle suspensions is derived based on the continuous polydisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa, 2002b), which is derived from the discrete polydisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa,2002a). The derived model equation predicts a linear increase of viscosity with shear rate, viz., dilutant flow characteristics. Further, the increase of viscosity is expected to be proportional to the square of volume fraction of particles, and to show the linear dependency on density and average diameter of particles. It is also shown that the uniform distribution model includes additional term that expresses the effect of distribution width. For verification of the model, the experimental results of Clarke (1967) are cited as well as in our previous work for the monodisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa,2000) since most parameters were varied independently in his work. It is suggested that the newly introduced term expands the applicable range compared with the monodisperse model.

Synthesis of Fe-Co nanoparticles with high saturation magnetization by low-temperature post-annealing

Ogawa, Tomoyuki,Takano, Hideaki,Kura, Hiroaki,Takahashi, Migaku American Institute of Physics 2012 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.111 No.7

Expectations of parents having children with developmental disorders from child-care providers

OGAWA Keiko,M1ZUNO Tomomi 아시아장애사회학회 2010 아시아장애사회학연구 Vol.10 No.-

Support Sought by Newly-appointed Child-care Providers When Taking Care of "Children with Special Needs"

OGAWA KeiKo 아시아아동지원학회 2010 아시아아동지원연구 Vol.1 No.-

In recent days, "children with special needs" have been increasing in kindergartens and day- care centers, and we frequently come across the concems raised by child- care providers that they do not know how to take care of such children. Especially, newly-appointed child- care providers with less experience as well as experienced child-care providers are facing such difficul ties. Newly-appointed child- care providers are facing several problems about bringing up children with special needs. However, we could verify that by acquiring knowledge and techniques concerning the method of engaging with such children, their problems are alleviated. Acquiring knowledge and techniques does not mean that the newly- appointed child- care providers have to study on their own; it inc1udes receiving instructions and suggestions from the head of kindergarten and other fellow child- care providers as well as participating in training workshops. Based on these points, we can say that instead of psychological talks such as "snuggle the children in front of us and take proper care of them" it is necessary to educate child- care providers about how to handle the problems faced by children and how to engage with their parents so that the child- care providers are able to take care of children with special needs without any worries. Instructors must keep these points in mind when conducting extemal training workshops for newly- appointed child- care providers.

Graphene-supporting films and low-voltage STEM in SEM toward imaging nanobio materials without staining: Observation of insulin amyloid fibrils

Ogawa, Takashi,Gang, Geun Won,Thieu, Minh Thu,Kwon, Hyuksang,Ahn, Sang Jung,Ha, Tai Hwan,Cho, Boklae Elsevier 2017 Micron Vol.96 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Utilization of graphene-supporting films and low-voltage scanning transmission electron microscopy (LV-STEM) in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is shown to be an effective means of observing unstained nanobio materials. Insulin amyloid fibrils, which are implicated as a cause of type II diabetes, are formed in vitro and observed without staining at room temperature. An in-lens cold field-emission SEM, equipped with an additional homemade STEM detector, provides dark field (DF)-STEM images in the low energy range of 5–30keV, together with secondary electron (SE) images. Analysis based on Lenz’s theory is used to interpret the experimental results. Graphene films, where the fibrils are deposited, reduce the background level of the STEM images compared with instances when conventional amorphous carbon films are used. Using 30keV, which is lower than that for conventional TEM (100–300keV), together with low detection angles (15–55mrad) enhances the signals from the fibrils. These factors improve image quality, which enables observation of thin fibrils with widths of 7–8nm. STEM imaging clearly reveals a twisted-ribbon structure of a fibril, and SE imaging shows an emphasized striped pattern of the fibril. The LV-STEM in SEM enables acquisition of two types of images of an identical fibril in a single instrument, which is useful for understanding the structure. This study expands the application of SEM to other systems of interest, which is beneficial to a large number of users. The method in this study can be applied to the observation of various nanobio materials and analysis of their native structures, thus contributing to research in materials and life sciences.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Graphene and LV-STEM in SEM are effective to observe unstained nanobio materials. </LI> <LI> The method enables observation of insulin amyloid fibrils with widths of 7–8nm. </LI> <LI> STEM shows a twisted ribbon structure of a fibril and SE shows its striped pattern. </LI> <LI> A low detection angle (15 mrad) is essential for STEM imaging of fibrils at 30keV. </LI> <LI> Graphene can expand the operational energy range (5–30 keV) of LV-STEM. </LI> </UL> </P>

REMARKS ON UNIQUENESS AND BLOW-UP CRITERION TO THE EULER EQUATIONS IN THE GENERALIZED BESOV SPACES

Ogawa, Takayoshi,Taniuchi, Yasushi Korean Mathematical Society 2000 대한수학회지 Vol.37 No.6

In this paper, we discuss a uniqueness problem for the Cauchy problem of the Euler equation. W give a sufficient condition on the vorticity to show the uniqueness of a class of generalized solution in terms of the generalized solution in terms o the generalized Besov space. The condition allows the iterated logarithmic singularity to the vorticity of the solution. We also discuss the break down (or blow up) condition for a smooth solution to the Euler equation under the related assumption.

Nucleation and growth of vacancy agglomeration in CZ silicon crystals

Ogawa, Tomoya,Ma, Minya The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 1999 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.9 No.3

When concentration of vacancies in a CZ silicon crystal is defined by molar fraction $X_{B}$, the degree for supersaturation $\sigma$ is given by $[X_{B}-X_{BS}]/X_{BS}=X_{B}/X_{BS}-1=ln(X_{B}/X_{BS})$ because $X_{B}/X_{BS}$ is nearly equal to unity. Here, $X_{BS}$ is the saturated concentration of vacancies in a silicon crystal and $X_{B}$ is a little larger than $X_{BS}$. According to Bragg-Williams approximation, the chemical potential of the vacancies in the crystal is given by ${\mu}_{B}={\mu}^{0}+RT$ ln $X_{B}+RT$ ln ${\gamma}$, where R is the gas constant, T is temperature, ${\mu}^{0}$ is an ideal chemical potential of the vacancies and ${\gamma}$ is and adjustable parameter similar to the activity of solute in a solute in a solution. Thus, ${\sigma}(T)$ is equal to $({\mu}_{B}-{\mu}_{BS})/RT$. Driving force of nucleation for the vacancy agglomeration will be proportional to the chemical potentialdifference $({\mu}_{B}-{\mu}_{BS})/RT$ or ${\sigma}(T)$, while growth of the vacancy agglomeration is proportaional to diffusion of the vacancies and grad ${\mu}_{B}$.