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Zhao Liu,Qi Liu,Xinyuan Cao,Xuelei Zhang 한국기상학회 2022 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.58 No.2
Burning of fireworks at the Chinese New Year (CNY) is a traditional culture in China, but it may adversely deteriorate air quality, cause fire accident and damage residential health. Numeral studies had proved into this environmental problem on the city scale, it is also important to quantify the spatio-temporal effects of fireworks emissions on air quality and their associations with residential customs during the CNY. Based on the monitored data, we analyzed the characteristics of primary air pollutants caused by fireworks burning, as well as the temporal and spatial variations in the concentrations of particulate matters during the periods of fireworks burning and non-fireworks (one day before CNY’s Eve and two days after CNY’s Eve). The results indicated that the main air pollutants were particles released from fireworks burning over the whole China, with showing an obvious peak during the CNY of 2015 and 2016. The highest concentrations of particulate matters with size less than 10 μm (PM10) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were occurred during the early morning at 1:00–3:00 on 19th (2015), reaching 408 μg/m3 and 112 μg/m3in Northeast China (NEC), respectively. And the highest values in 2016 were 358 μg/m3 and 126 μg/m3, but occurred in North China (NC), respectively. It revealed that the residential customs had significant effects on the temporal distribution of fireworks pollution on the regional scale. The patterns of temporal variations in SO2, NO2 and CO were similar to those of PM10 and PM2.5, but CO was opposite to that of other pollutants. The spatial distributions of particulate pollutants concentrations showed that the most severely polluted regions were located at NEC, East China (EC) and Central China(CC), where had higher population density and gross domestic product (GDP) and local conservative customs. Otherwise, although stricter regulations were implemented in 2016, the concentrations of pollutants were still greater than them in 2015, revealing that meteorological conditions can have a significant effect on mass concentrations of particles. The governments should make control strategies of fireworks burning with comprehensive considering the balance between environmental protection and traditional culture heritage.
Correlation between fat accumulation and fecal microbiota in crossbred pigs
Li Xin,Li Mengyu,Han Jinyi,Liu Chuang,Han Xuelei,Wang Kejun,Qiao Ruimin,Li Xiu-Ling,Li Xin-Jian 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.11
Backfat thickness (BF) is an important indicator of fat deposition capacity and lean meat rate in pigs and is very important in porcine genetics and breeding. Intestinal microbiota plays a key role in nutrient digestion and utilization with a profound impact on fat deposition of livestock animals. To investigate the relationship between the pig gut microbiome and BF, 20 low-BF (L-BF) and 20 high-BF (H-BF) pigs were selected as two groups from Yunong Black pigs in the present study. Fecal samples from pigs were analyzed for microbial diversity, composition, and predicted functionality using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial β diversity between the two groups. LEfSe analysis revealed a number of bacterial features being differentially enriched in either L-BF or H-BF pigs. Spearman correlation analysis identified the abundance of Oscillospira, Peptococcus, and Bulleidia were significantly positive correlations with BF (P < 0.05), while Sutterella and Bifidobacterium were significantly negatively correlated with BF (P < 0.05). Importantly, the bacteria significantly positively correlated with BF mainly belong to Clostridium, which can ferment host-indigestible plant polysaccharides into shortchain fatty acid (SCFA) and promote fat synthesis and deposition. Predictive functional analysis indicated that the pathway abundance of cell motility and glycan biosynthesis were significantly widespread in the microbiota of the H-BF group. The results of this study will be useful for the development of microbial biomarkers for predicting and improving porcine BF, as well as for the investigation of targets for dietary strategies.