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오수옥,이상현,조정안,김영,김월수 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2001 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.36 No.-
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bourse shoots on the fruit growth and development, mineral content and quality of apples. Three hundred bourse shoots bearing fruits were selected from 10 trees randomly in the experimental orchard of Chonnam National University, Naju, Southwestern Korea. Bourse shoot length and fruit diameter were measured at twice on July 20 and August 20 of 2001. Harvested fruits were divided into 6 groups according to bourse shoot length; 0㎝, 11 to 20㎝, 21 to 30㎝, 31 to 40㎝, and longer than 41㎝. Fruit characteristics such as (soluble solid content, flesh firmness and acidity) were measures just after the harvest. The contents of Ca, Mg and K were analyzed of fruit peel, flesh and core tissues. Most bourse shoots stopped growing after late June, while water-sprouting shoots stopped after late July. Results showed that fruit L/D ratio was higher when bourse shoots were 31 to 40㎝ in length. Especially soluble solid content and fruit firmness were higher in the fruits of bourse shoot 21 to 30㎝ in length. Calcium contents of the fruits also were higher in flesh and skin tissues when length of bourse shoots was 21 to 30㎝, while no significant differences were observed in other mineral contents.
pH와 온도가 배(Pyrus pyrifolia)의 화분발아와 화분관신장에 미치는 영향
이상현,오수옥,김월수 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2001 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.36 No.-
During blooming period, low temperature caused fruit set to significantly decrease in pear in terms of poor pollination and fertilization. This study was carried out to determine that pollen germination and pollen tube growth could be affected by the conditions of temperature and pH. Dehydrated pollen grains of 'Chuhwang' pear were cultured for 2 hours at various temperature settings (15, 20, 25 and 30℃) and pH levels (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5). At least 300 pollen grains were counted from 10 to 20 random microscopic fields. A pollen grain was considered germination if pollen tube length was greater was greater than the diameter of the pollen grain. Similarly, 100 to 200 pollen tubes were measured with an Image Analyser(IMT, Korea) to calculate mean pollen tube length. Buddings refer to pollen grains where pollen tubes do not grow longer than the diameter of pollen grain. Incubation temperature was maintained at 20±1℃. Each combination/treatment was replicated 5 times. Pollen germination and tube growth investigated by Image Analyser were the highest at 25℃ and pH 6.0 in vitro. However pollen germiantion and tube growth gradually decreased at lower pH. Pollen grains cultured at 15℃ resulted in low germination rate than those at other temperature settings. Especially pollen tubes were abnormally thinned and curved when cultured at 30℃. Therefore, optimum conditions should be maintained during blooming and pollination time in pears since pollen germination and pollen tube growth are very sensitive to low pH and/or high temperature.
China-U.S. Relations and the Security of the Korean Peninsula
( Xiu Yu Fang ),( Xin Hua ) 한국국방연구원 2013 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.25 No.3
This article outlines the general framework of bilateral relations between China and the United States, and identifies their central strategic interests that are embodied in their respective policies toward the Korea Peninsula. Based on this elaboration, the authors further explore the divergences and convergences of the Chinese and American security strategies and foreign policies on issues related to Korea, with a focus on the effects of North Korea`s latest nuclear test in February2013 on their respective interests and attitudes. In conclusion, the authors offer some practical approaches that might be jointly implemented by China and the United States in their handling of Korea-related issues. The authors argue that, despite the complexities of China-U.S. bilateral relations and some potential sources of hostility between them, China and the United States can still manage to establish a mechanism to stabilize the Korea Peninsula through joint efforts.
Knockdown of Cdc25B in Renal Cell Carcinoma is Associated with Decreased Malignant Features
Yu, Xiu-Yue,Zhang, Zhe,Zhang, Guo-Jun,Guo, Kun-Feng,Kong, Chui-Ze Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3
Cdc25 phosphatases are important regulators of the cell cycle. Their abnormal expression detected in a number of tumors implies that their dysregulation is involved in malignant transformation. However, the role of Cdc25B in renal cell carcinomas remains unknown. To shed light on influence on renal cell carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, Cdc25B expression was examined by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting in renal cell carcinoma and normal tissues. 65 kDa Cdc25B expression was higher in carcinomas than in the adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05), positive correlations being noted with clinical stage and histopathologic grade (P<0.05). To additionally investigate the role of Cdc25B alteration in the development of renal cell carcinoma, Cdc25B siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of Cdc25B. Down-regulation resulted in slower growth, more G2/M cells, weaker capacity for migration and invasion, and induction of apoptosis in 769-P transfectants. Reduction of 14-3-3 protein expression appeared related to Cdc25B knockdown. These findings suggest an important role of Cdc25B in renal cell carcinoma development and provide a rationale for investigation of Cdc2B-based gene therapy.
Pathological Impact on the Phyllosphere Microbiota of Artemisia argyi by Haze
( Yu-zhu Zhang ),( De-yu Jiang ),( Chi Zhang ),( Kun Yang ),( Huai-fu Wang ),( Xiu-wen Xia ),( Wei-jun Ding ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.4
The pathological impact of haze upon the phyllosphere microbiota awaits investigation. A moderate degree of haze environment and a clean control were selected in Chengdu, China. Artemisia argyi, a ubiquitously distributed and extensively applied Chinese herb, was also chosen for experiment. Total genome DNA was extracted from leaf samples, and for metagenome sequencing, an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform was applied. The results showed that the gene numbers of phyllosphere microbiota derived from haze leaves were lower than those of the clean control. The phyllosphere microbiota derived from both haze and clean groups shared the same top ten phyla; the abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Anorthococcuso of the haze group were substantially increased, while Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes decreased. At the genus level, the abundances of Nocardia, Paracoccus, Marmoricola and Knoelia from haze leaves were markedly increased, while the yeasts were statistically decreased. KEGG retrieval demonstrated that the functional genes were most annotated to metabolism. An interesting find of this work is that the phyllosphere microbiota responsible for the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in A. argyi were significantly increased under a haze environment. Relatively enriched genes annotated by eggNOG belong to replication, recombination and repair, and genes classified into the glycoside hydrolase and glycosyltransferase enzymes were significantly increased. In summary, we found that both structure and function of phyllosphere microbiota are globally impacted by haze, while primary and secondary metabolites responsible for haze tolerance were considerably increased. These results suggest an adaptive strategy of plants for tolerating and confronting haze damage.
A Chinese Perspective on the Causes of Chinese-Japanese Conflict and Possible Solutions
( Xiu Yu Fang ),( Xin Hua ) 한국국방연구원 2016 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.28 No.1
Chinese-Japanese relations have become increasingly tense in recent years. It might be concluded superficially that the recent tensions originated from the historical issues and the bilateral sovereignty disputes over some islands. However, these tensions are deeply rooted in the structural contradictions of these bilateral relations, such as the conflicting national strategies of China and Japan, the relative balance of power between them, and the discrepancy of their interests in their games against the background of macro transition of the overall strategic pattern of the Asia-Pacific region. Furthermore, the U.S. strategic dilemma in this gaming process adds destabilizing factors to the development of China-Japan bilateral relations. The outcomes of the China-Japan tensions not only affect the rise and fall of the relative strengths of these two countries, but also have major influences over the general strategic arrangements of East Asia and the whole Asia-Pacific. Therefore, it is very meaningful to probe the deep-rooted causes of the Chinese-Japanese conflicts and to observe current China-Japan relations from the strategic perspective because some solutions might be discoverd in this way.