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Modeling and Analyzing Per-flow Throughput in IEEE 802.11 Multi-hop Ad Hoc Networks
( Lei Lei ),( Xinru Zhao ),( Shengsuo Cai ),( Xiaoqin Song ),( Ting Zhang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.10
In this paper, we focus on the per-flow throughput analysis of IEEE 802.11 multi-hop ad hoc networks. The importance of an accurate saturation throughput model lies in establishing the theoretical foundation for effective protocol performance improvements. We argue that the challenge in modeling the per-flow throughput in IEEE 802.11 multi-hop ad hoc networks lies in the analysis of the freezing process and probability of collisions. We first classify collisions occurring in the whole transmission process into instantaneous collisions and persistent collisions. Then we present a four-dimensional Markov chain model based on the notion of the fixed length channel slot to model the Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) algorithm performed by a tagged node. We further adopt a continuous time Markov model to analyze the freezing process. Through an iterative way, we derive the per-flow throughput of the network. Finally, we validate the accuracy of our model by comparing the analytical results with that obtained by simulations.
( Jianrui Fan ),( Xinru Zhao ),( Wencan Wang ),( Shengsuo Cai ),( Lijuan Zhang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.4
Using directional antennas in wireless Ad hoc networks has many superiorities, including reducing interference, extending transmission range, and increasing space division multiplexing. However, directional transmission introduces two problems: deafness and directional hidden terminals problems. We observe that these problems result in saturation throughput disparity among the competing flows in directional CSMA/CA based Ad hoc networks and bring challenges for modeling the saturation throughput of the flows. In this article, we concentrate on how to model and analyze the saturation throughput disparity of different flows in directional CSMA/CA based Ad hoc networks. We first divide the collisions occurring in the transmission process into directional instantaneous collisions and directional persistent collisions. Then we propose a four-dimensional Markov chain to analyze the transmission state for a specific node. Our model has three different kinds of processes, namely back-off process, transmission process and freezing process. Each process contains a certain amount of continuous time slots which is defined as the basic time unit of the directional CSMA/CA protocols and the time length of each slot is fixed. We characterize the collision probabilities of the node by the one-step transition probability matrix in our Markov chain model. Accordingly, we can finally deduce the saturation throughput for each directional data stream and evaluate saturation throughput disparity for a given network topology. Finally, we verify the accuracy of our model by comparing the deviation of analytical results and simulation results.
Jing Yao,Xinlu Wang,Xinru Zhao,Jinxian Wang,Hongbo Zhang,Wensheng Yu,Guixia Liu,Xiangting Dong 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.6
The Li2MnO3-modified Li1.2NixCo0.1Mn0.9-xO2 (x = 0.2, 0.45, 0.7)as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries have beensuccessfully synthesized by a simple electrospinning process. Thestructure, morphology and electrochemical performances of theresulting products are studied systematically. The as-preparedLi2MnO3-modified Li1.2NixCo0.1Mn0.9-xO2 (x = 0.2, 0.45, 0.7) with adiameter of 200-300 nm has an initial discharge capacity of168.740 mAh·g−1, coulombic efficiency of 99.6% and a reversiblecapacity as high as 139.016 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles at a currentrate of 0.2 C. The excellent electrochemical performances ofwhich are attributed to the stabilization of Li2MnO3 structure, therole of Li2MnO3 is contribute extra lithium to the reversiblecapacity and to facilitate Li+ transport through the structure.