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Legal Issues for Implementing the Clean Development Mechanism in China
Xiaoyi Jiang,Fahui Hao (사) 이준국제법연구원 2011 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.4 No.1
The Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol was implemented inChina several years ago. In spite of the significant benefits the CDM has brought toChina, legal research on the CDM is relatively weak and there are many legalproblems with the implementation of CDM projects in Chian. This article clarifiesthe legal problems of implementing the CDM in China by exploring and analyzinghow to implement CDM projects, the legal relationships involved, CDM-relatedcontracts and various key legal issues. The conclusions drawn from the abovediscussions could have implications for the future carbon reduction activities inChina beyond 2012.
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Xiaoyi Cao,Lin Chen,Lang Tian,Xiaolian Jiang 한국간호과학회 2015 Asian Nursing Research Vol.9 No.4
Purpose: The purposes of the study were to examine psychological distress and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relocated and nonrelocated survivors aged 60 years and older, and to analyze predictors for psychological distress and HRQoL in older survivors 5 years after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with 112 relocated older survivors and 156 nonrelocated older survivors. Our study used a multistage sampling method. The measurements used in the study included self-reporting questionnaire-20, medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey, and an instrument measuring demographic and disaster-related characteristics. Descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine factors that contributed to psychological distress and HRQoL. Results: The prevalence of psychological distress in relocated group (20.5%) was significantly higher compared to those in nonrelocated group (4.8%). Scores for HRQoL in relocated older survivors was significantly lower than those in nonrelocated older survivors. Relocation from preearthquake residence was the most significant predictor for psychological distress and HRQoL in the total sample. Other predictors were advanced age, lower educational level, the loss of family members during the earthquake, and the presence of chronic illnesses as well as the death of a spouse after the earthquake. Conclusions: Strategies can be designed in postdisaster recovery program, particularly for older survivors at high risk for psychological distress and poor HRQoL.
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Hai Li,Bo Hu,Zhe Guo,Xueqing Jiang,Xinyu Su,Xiaoyi Zhang 연세대학교의과대학 2019 Yonsei medical journal Vol.60 No.1
Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate correlations between uridine glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) -161 singlenucleotide polymorphism C to T (C>T) and the occurrence of cardiotoxicity in Chinese breast cancer (BC) patients undergoingepirubicin/cyclophosphamide-docetaxel (EC-D) adjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: 427 BC patients who had underwent surgery were consecutively enrolled in this prospective cohortstudy. All patients were scheduled to receive EC-D adjuvant chemotherapy regimen, and they were divided into UGT2B7 -161 CC(n=141), UGT2B7 -161 CT (n=196), and UGT2B7 -161 TT (n=90) groups according to their genotypes. Polymerase chain reactionwas performed for determination of UGT2B7 -161 genotypes. Cardiotoxicity was defined as an absolute decline in left ventricularejection fraction (LVEF) of at least 10% points from baseline to a value less than 53%, heart failure, acute coronary artery syndrome,or fatal arrhythmia. Results: LVEF values were lower at cycle (C) 4, C8, 3 months after chemotherapy (M3), M6, M9, and M12 compared to C0 (allp<0.001), in BC patients undergoing EC-D adjuvant chemotherapy. Cardiotoxicity was recorded for 4.2% of the overall populationand was lowest in the UGT2B7 -161 TT group (1.1%), compared to UGT2B7 -161 CT (3.1%) and UGT2B7 -161 CC (7.8%) group(p=0.026). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that UGT2B7 -161 T allele could independently predict a low occurrence ofcardiotoxicity in BC patients undergoing EC-D adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.004). Conclusion: A UGT2B7 -161 T allele serves as a potential biomarker for predicting a low occurrence of cardiotoxicity in BC patientsundergoing EC-D adjuvant chemotherapy.
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