The Relative Influence of Diet and Physical Activity on Obesity in China

Cui Zhao-Hui,Li Yan-Ping,Di Yu-Feng,Ba Lei,Hu Xiaoqi,Ma Guan-Sheng The Korean Society of Community Nutrition 2004 Journal of community nutrition Vol.6 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relative influence of diet and physical activity on obesity. The subjects were 155 adults aged 35-52 years from 24 neighborhood committees in 4 urban districts of Beijing (male : 78, female : 77). They were divided into normal weight, overweight and obese groups according to their BMI. The general information of the subjects was collected by interview-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was obtained by three-day(two weekdays and one weekend day) food weighted method, physical activity was assessed by a validated combination of data obtained from activity monitors, bicycling information and activity records. There were no significant differences of age, gender, height, educational, family economic level, smoking and drinking between different groups. The proportion of flour intake was higher in obese group compared to normal weight and overweight groups, and that of vegetables is lower in obese group. The physical activity (PAL) was not significantly different between two groups of the normal, overweight and obese groups. After the adjustment for confounding factors using logistic regression model, we found that the proportion of flour intake was positively associated with obesity, while the proportion of vegetable intake was inversely associated with obesity. It is concluded that dietary patterns were associated with obesity and diets composed of more vegetables and less staple combined with physical activities could contribute to obesity prevention.

Alkylation of phenol with tert-butyl alcohol over zirconium incorporated mesoporous molecular sieves with enhanced acidity

Qian Zhao,Qian Wang,Duolin Wu,Xiaoqi Fu,Tingshun Jiang,Hengbo Yin 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.4

Several SO42-/Zr-MCM-41 and SO42-/Zr-MCM-48 solid acid catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method and were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, NH3-TPD and N2 physical adsorption,respectively. The catalytic activities of these catalysts were evaluated in alkylation reaction of phenol and tert-butyl alcohol. Experimental results reveal that the four solid acid catalysts still maintained a typical mesoporous framework. Under comparable condition, the SO42-/Zr-MCM-48-25 catalyst exhibits much high catalytic activity and gives the highest phenol conversion as compared with the other catalysts. A maximum phenol conversion of 91.6% with 81.8% selectivity to 4-tert-butylphenol (4-TBP) was achieved at the reaction temperature of 140 8C. 2012 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison and analysis on sheep meat quality and flavor under pasture-based fattening contrast to intensive pasture-based feeding system

Zhang Zhichao,Wang Xiaoqi,Jin Yan,Zhao Kai,Duan Ziyuan 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.7

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-month intensive feeding on the meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor, and growth performance of grazing Hulunbuir sheep (HBS). Methods: The HBS were selected 4-months after birth in a pasture rearing system as the experimental animals (n = 44, female, average body weight 23.8±2.2 kg) then divided equally into pasture-based grazing fattening (PAS) and concentrate-included intensive fattening (CON) groups for another 4-month finishing. When finished fattening, all animals were slaughtered to collect musculus longissimus dorsi subcutaneous adipose tissue and to investigate the influences on meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor and growth performance. Results: The results showed lambs in CON group got significantly higher live weight, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. The CON group had significantly higher value of redness (a*), lightness (L*) and water holding capacity (p<0.05), significantly lower value of Warner-Bratzler shear force than the PAS group (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat from CON group lambs demonstrated a significantly higher content of C18:1 and C18:2 (p<0.05), but lower C14:0 and C16:0, indicating an increased degree of unsaturated fatty acid. The content of 4-methyloctanoic acid, 4-ethyloctanoic acid and 4-methylnonanoic acid had increased 2 to 4 times, representing a more intense odor in the CON group. However, the values were still lower than most sheep breeds reported, indicating the indoor feeding system could not fundamentally deteriorate the excellent meat characteristic of HBS. Conclusion: It was evident that lambs in CON group exhibited a better meat production performance, improved in meat color, texture and healthier fatty acid profile through pastureweaned concentrate included intensive fattening system, which offers a good alternative regimen for lamb finishing and has a wide prospection in the HBS meat industry. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-month intensive feeding on the meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor, and growth performance of grazing Hulunbuir sheep (HBS).Methods: The HBS were selected 4-months after birth in a pasture rearing system as the experimental animals (n = 44, female, average body weight 23.8±2.2 kg) then divided equally into pasture-based grazing fattening (PAS) and concentrate-included intensive fattening (CON) groups for another 4-month finishing. When finished fattening, all animals were slaughtered to collect musculus longissimus dorsi subcutaneous adipose tissue and to investigate the influences on meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor and growth performance.Results: The results showed lambs in CON group got significantly higher live weight, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. The CON group had significantly higher value of redness (a*), lightness (L*) and water holding capacity (p<0.05), significantly lower value of Warner-Bratzler shear force than the PAS group (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat from CON group lambs demonstrated a significantly higher content of C18:1 and C18:2 (p<0.05), but lower C14:0 and C16:0, indicating an increased degree of unsaturated fatty acid. The content of 4-methyloctanoic acid, 4-ethyloctanoic acid and 4-methylnonanoic acid had increased 2 to 4 times, representing a more intense odor in the CON group. However, the values were still lower than most sheep breeds reported, indicating the indoor feeding system could not fundamentally deteriorate the excellent meat characteristic of HBS.Conclusion: It was evident that lambs in CON group exhibited a better meat production performance, improved in meat color, texture and healthier fatty acid profile through pastureweaned concentrate included intensive fattening system, which offers a good alternative regimen for lamb finishing and has a wide prospection in the HBS meat industry.

Electronic effects on protective mechanism of electropolymerized coatings based on N-substituted aniline derivatives for mild steel in saline solution

Hao Liu,Baomin Fan,Zining Liu,Xiaoqi Zhao,Biao Yang,Xingwen Zheng,Hua Hao 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.106 No.-

Polyaniline (PANI), poly(N-methylaniline) (PNMA) and poly(N-formylanilide) (PNFA) coatings were fabricatedover mild steel via chronoamperometric strategy in oxalate electrolyte. Scanning electron microscope(SEM), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy (XPS) evidenced the polymerization of monomers. Anticorrosive effects of PANI, PNMAand PNFA coatings for steel substrate were evaluated during long-term immersion in 3.5% NaCl solutionby potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and frequency modulation(EFM). Morphological variation for coated specimens before and after immersion in NaCl solutionwas also monitored by SEM and atomic force microscope (AFM). Differentiated protection capability wereobserved for three coatings following the sequence of PNFA > PNMA > PANI. Through electrochemical andinterfacial analyses, electroactivity and physical barrier were ascertained as the critical factors, especiallythe former one, in the long-term protection capacity. Electroactivity was distinguished by the elevatedapparent current density from non-destructive EFM measurements. Furthermore, electron-donationand -withdrawal effects of N-substituents played an essential role in coating electroactivity. In detail,N-substituents improved the anodic protection and physical barrier of PNMA and PNFA coatings. Particularly, formyl with electron-withdrawal effect reinforced the anodic protection and thus the superiorthe anticorrosion efficiency of PNFA for underlying steel.