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Multifunctional Antireflection Coatings Based on Novel Hollow Silica–Silica Nanocomposites
Zhang, Xianpeng,Lan, Pinjun,Lu, Yuehui,Li, Jia,Xu, Hua,Zhang, Jing,Lee, YoungPak,Rhee, Joo Yull,Choy, Kwang-Leong,Song, Weijie American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.3
<P>Antireflection (AR) coatings that exhibit multifunctional characteristics, including high transparency, robust resistance to moisture, high hardness, and antifogging properties, were developed based on hollow silica–silica nanocomposites. These novel nanocomposite coatings with a closed-pore structure, consisting of hollow silica nanospheres (HSNs) infiltrated with an acid-catalyzed silica sol (ACSS), were fabricated using a low-cost sol–gel dip-coating method. The refractive index of the nanocomposite coatings was tailored by controlling the amount of ACSS infiltrated into the HSNs during synthesis. Photovoltaic transmittance (<I>T</I><SUB>PV</SUB>) values of 96.86–97.34% were obtained over a broad range of wavelengths, from 300 to 1200 nm; these values were close to the theoretical limit for a lossy single-layered AR coating (97.72%). The nanocomposite coatings displayed a stable <I>T</I><SUB>PV</SUB>, with degradation values of less than 4% and 0.1% after highly accelerated temperature and humidity stress tests, and abrasion tests, respectively. In addition, the nanocomposite coatings had a hardness of approximately 1.6 GPa, while the porous silica coatings with an open-pore structure showed more severe degradation and had a lower hardness. The void fraction and surface roughness of the nanocomposite coatings could be controlled, which gave rise to near-superhydrophilic and antifogging characteristics. The promising results obtained in this study suggest that the nanocomposite coatings have the potential to be of benefit for the design, fabrication, and development of multifunctional AR coatings with both omnidirectional broadband transmission and long-term durability that are required for demanding outdoor applications in energy harvesting and optical instrumentation in extreme climates or humid conditions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-3/am405258d/production/images/medium/am-2013-05258d_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am405258d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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Jixiang Chen,Weili Jiang,Hongyan Hu,Xiaoyan Ma,Qian Li,Xianpeng Song,Xiangliang Ren,Yan Ma 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.3
The joint action and sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide and lufenuron were measured against Spodoptera exigua. Methoxyfenozide and lufenuron exhibited optimum synergistic toxicity on S. exigua at a mass ratio of 4:6, and the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) was 165.705. Third instars larvae of S. exigua were treated with methoxyfenozide (LC 15 = 21.004 ng/cm 2 ), lufenuron (LC 15 = 27.134 ng/cm 2 ), or a mixture of methoxyfenozide and lufenuron (MML, LC 15 = 16.503 ng/cm 2 ) through feeding for 72 h. Ingestion of MML by larvae significantly inhibited larval and pupal weights and pupation rate, and prolonged the larval and pupal development of S. exigua compared to individual treatment ofmethoxyfenozide or lufenuron. Both methoxyfenozide and MML treatments significantly decreased the fertility of female S. exigua. No significant changes were observed in case of adult emergence and egg hatching for different treatments. The MML-treated S. exigua exhibited significantly lower activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) than those in S. exigua treated separately with methoxyfenozide or lufenuron. Finally, methoxyfenozide, lufenuron, and MML treatments decreased chitinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarE), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activities in S. exigua.
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