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Shim, Yoon Bo,Park, Jang Su,Kang, Shin Won,Kim, Andre,Jeong, In Chul 한국생화학회 1978 Vol. No.
The interaction of cytochrome c with binary phospholipid mixtxres was investigated by solid-state ²H- and ^(31)P-NMR. To examine the effect of the interaction on the glycerol backbones, the glycerol moieties of phosphaddylcholine (PC), phosphafidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) were specifically deuterated. On the binding of cytochrome c to the binary mixed bilayers, no changes in the quadrupole splittings of each of the components were observed for the PGPG, PE/CL and PFJ PG 6posomes. In contrast, the splittings of CL decreased on binding of protein to the PGCL liposomes, although those of PC did not change at all. This showed that cytochrome c specifically interacts with CL in PGCL bilayers, and penetrates into the lipid bilayer to some extent so as to perturb the dynamic structure of the glycerol backbone. This is distinctly different from the mode of interaction of cytochrome c with other binary mixed bilayers. In the ^(31)P-NMR spectra, line broadening and a decrease of the chemical shift anisotropy were observed on the binding of cytochrome c for all binary mixed bilayers that were examined. These changes were more significant for the PG CL bilayers. Furthermore, the line broadening is more significant for PC than for CL in PGCL bilayers. Therefore, it can be concluded that with the polar head groups, not only CL but also PC are involved in the interaction with cytochrome c.
Anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging properties of Verbena officinalis
Shim, Hwan-Ki,Kim, Seong-Yeol,Kim, Bo-Rim,Cho, Jae-Park,Park, Yae-Jeong,Ji, Won-Geun,Cha, Dong-Seok,Jeon, Hoon Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2010 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.10 No.4
Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae) has been used as herbal medicine or health supplement in both Western and Eastern countries for centuries. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the methylene chloride fraction of V. officinalis (VMC). To elucidate the anti-inflammatory properties of VMC, we investigated the inhibition effects of nitric oxide production in interferon-gamma (IFN-$\gamma$) and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. VMC suppressed nitric oxide production, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression dose-dependently without notable cytotoxicity. In various radical scavenging assays, VMC exhibited strong scavenging effect on DPPH radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide radical and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical. VMC also showed potent reducing power. These findings strongly suggest that VMC may be beneficial in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory disorders.
( Won Bo Shim ),( Boris B. Dzantiev ),( Sergei A. Eremin ),( Duck Hwa Chung ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2009 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.19 No.1
Individual immunochromatographic assays (ICG) for ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEA) were optimized and used in the development of a one-step simultaneous immunochromatographic assay (OS-ICG) for the rapid multianalysis of two mycotoxins in corn samples. The nitrocellulose membrane of the OS-ICG was treated with OTA-bovine serum albumin (BSA), ZEA-ovalbumin (OVA), and anti-mouse IgG in the OTA test, ZEA test, and control zones, respectively. Monoclonal antibody-gold conjugates (OTA3 MAb-gold and ZEA2C5 MAb-gold) were sprayed onto the conjugate pad. The visual detection limits were 2.5 and 5 ng/ml for OTA and ZEA, resepectively, and the results were obtained within 15 min after starting the analysis. An efficient, simple, and rapid extraction method using 30% MeOH/PBS was established and validated by analyzing the corn samples spiked with OTA/ZEA mixtures (0/0, 5/10, 10/20, and 20/30 μg/kg). The cut-off values of the OS-ICG for the spiked corn were 5 and 10 μg/kg for OTA and ZEA, respectively. Natural corn samples were analyzed by OS-ICG, direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DC-ELISA), and HPLC. Results of the OS-ICG were in good agreement with those obtained by DC-ELISA and HPLC. The developed OS-ICG offers a rapid, easy-to-use, and portable analytical system and can be used as a convenient qualitative tool for the on-site simultaneous determination of OTA and ZEA in cereals, food, and agricultural products in one analytical cycle.
Shim, Won-Bo,Je, Gil-Soo,Kim, Kyeongyeol,Mtenga, Adelard B.,Lee, Won-Gyeong,Song, Jeong-Un,Chung, Duck-Hwa,Yoon, Yohan Elsevier 2012 Radiation physics and chemistry Vol.81 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This study evaluated effect of gamma irradiation on survival of <I>Salmonella Typhimurium</I> and <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> on lettuce and damage of cell envelope. <I>S.</I> Typhimurium and <I>S. aureus</I> were inoculated on red leaf lettuce, and they were irradiated at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3kGy, and the samples were then stored at 7 and 25°C for 7 days. Survival of <I>S.</I> Typhimurium and <I>S. aureus</I> were enumerated on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar and Baird–Parker agar, respectively. <I>D</I><SUB>10</SUB> value (dose required to reduce 1log CFU/leaf) was calculated, and kinetic parameters (maximum specific growth rate; <I>μ</I><SUB>max</SUB> and lag phase duration; LPD) were calculated by the modified Gompertz model. In addition, cell envelope damage of the pathogens was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). <I>D</I><SUB>10</SUB> values were 0.35 and 0.33kGy for <I>S.</I> Typhimurium and <I>S. aureus</I>, respectively. During storage at 7°C, <I>S.</I> Typhimurium and <I>S. aureus</I> had significant (<I>P</I><0.05) growth only on non-irradiated samples up to about 2.5 and 4log CFU/leaf at 0.42 and 1.28log CFU/leaf/day of <I>μ</I><SUB>max</SUB>, respectively. At 25°C, cell counts of <I>S.</I> Typhimurium and <I>S. aureus</I> on the samples irradiated at 0 and 0.5kGy increased (<I>P</I><0.05) up to 3–6log CFU/leaf. The <I>μ</I><SUB>max</SUB> of both pathogens were higher in 0kGy <I>(</I>1.08–2.27log CFU/leaf/day) and 0.5kGy (0.58–0.92log CFU/leaf/day), and LPDs ranged from 1.53 to 3.14 day. SEM and TEM observations showed that cells irradiated at 1.5 and 3kGy showed disrupted cell membrane. These results indicate that gamma irradiation could be a useful decontamination technology to improve food safety of lettuce by destroying cells of <I>S.</I> Typhimurium and <I>S. aureus</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Low dose of gamma irradiation destroyed cell envelope of the pathogens. ► Gamma irradiation decreased cell counts of the pathogens on lettuce. ► Gamma irradiation could be useful in improving food safety of lettuce.</P>
Characterization of Indium Hydroxide Powders Synthesized by a Precipitation Method
Won-Jun Lee,Eun-Kyoung Choi,Ung-Soo Kim,Jong-Young Kim,Kwang Bo Shim,Hae Jin Hwang,Woo-Seok Cho 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.11
Indium hydroxide powders were synthesized using indium nitride, and the characteristics of the indium hydroxide powder were investigated according to the precipitate aging time and the pH and concentration of the liquid synthesis medium. Indium hydroxide (In(OH)3) and indium oxide hydroxide (InOOH) phases co-existed in all conditions studied here. The crystallite size of In(OH)3 was more dependent on the concentration and pH of the reaction medium compared to that of InOOH. Hence, the relative crystallite scale of In(OH)3 increased with increasing concentration and pH of the reaction liquid more than that of in InOOH. Although the crystallite size did not change much with an increase of precipitate aging time, the specific surface area decreased greatly. Such results can aid in the synthesis of indium oxide particles that are used for producing ITO targets.
Shim, Jang Bo,Lee, Suk,Cho, Sam Ju,Lee, Sang Hoon,Kim, Juree,Cho, Kwang Hwan,Min, Chul Kee,Huh, Hyun Do,Lee, Rena,Yang, Dae Sik,Park, Young Je,Yoon, Won Seob,Kim, Chul Yong,Kwon, Soo Il science press 2010 Chinese physics. C Vol.34 No.11
<P>This study compares and analyzes stereotactic radiotherapy using tomotherapy and linac-based fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of intra-cranial tumors, according to some cases. In this study, linac-based fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy and tomotherapy treatment were administered to five patients diagnosed with intra-cranial cancer in which the dose of 18–20 Gy was applied on 3–5 separate occasions. The tumor dosing was decided by evaluating the inhomogeneous index (II) and conformity index (CI). Also, the radiation-sensitive tissue was evaluated using low dose factors <I>V</I><SUB>1</SUB>, <I>V</I><SUB>2</SUB>, <I>V</I><SUB>3</SUB>, <I>V</I><SUB>4</SUB>, <I>V</I><SUB>5</SUB>, and <I>V</I><SUB>10</SUB>, as well as the non-irradiation ratio volume (NIV). The values of the II for each prescription dose in the linac-based non-coplanar radiotherapy plan and tomotherapy treatment plan were (0.125±0.113) and (0.090±0.180), respectively, and the values of the CI were (0.899±0.149) and (0.917±0.114), respectively. The low dose areas, <I>V</I><SUB>1</SUB>, <I>V</I><SUB>2</SUB>, <I>V</I><SUB>3</SUB>, <I>V</I><SUB>4</SUB>, <I>V</I><SUB>5</SUB>, and <I>V</I><SUB>10</SUB>, in radiation-sensitive tissues in the linac-based non-coplanar radiotherapy plan fell into the ranges 0.3%−95.6%, 0.1%−87.6%, 0.1%−78.8%, 38.8%-69.9%, 26.6%-65.2%, and 4.2%−39.7%, respectively, and the tomotherapy treatment plan had ranges of 13.6%−100%, 3.5%−100%, 0.4%−94.9%, 0.2%−82.2%, 0.1%−78.5%, and 0.3%−46.3%, respectively. Regarding the NIV for each organ, it is possible to obtain similar values except for the irradiation area of the brain stem. The percentages of NIV 10%, NIV20%, and NIV30%for the brain stem in each patient were 15%−99.8%, 33.4%−100%, and 39.8%−100%, respectively, in the fractionated stereotactic treatment plan and 44.2%-96.5%, 77.7%-99.8%, and 87.8%−100%, respectively, in the tomotherapy treatment plan. In order to achieve higher-quality treatment of intra-cranial tumors, treatment plans should be tailored according to the isodose target volume, inhomogeneous index, conformity index, position of the tumor upon fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery, and radiation dosage for radiation-sensitive tissues.</P>
Shim, Doo-Bo,Park, Eun-Sil,Sim, Gyu-Jin,Lee, Ji-Young,Kang, Ju-Hwan,Yoo, Hyun-Joo,Choi, Yeon-Jin,Lee, Young-Mee,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Kim, Min-Gab,Kang, Da-Won,Jung, Eun-Jung,Kang, Kee-Ryeon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.4
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is the only hypusine-containing protein, which is formed by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). DOHH is a novel metalloenzyme with HEAT [named for human huntingtin (H), elongation factor 3 (E), a subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (A), and the target of rapamycin (T)]-repeat motifs. Inspite of much progress in determining the roles of iron-containing DOHH holoenzyme as an eIF5A hydroxylase, little is known about iron-free apoenzyme of DOHH under certain stress conditions. For this purpose, we compared cell growth in two yeast strains subjected to oxidative damage. Thus, the existence of more viable cells in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4743 (parental yeast) strain than in the DOHH- strain after $H_2O_2$ treatment indicates the importance of DOHH in protecting yeast cells against oxidative stress. To identify endogenous target proteins influenced by DOHH under oxidative damage, proteomic analysis was applied to the two yeast strains. Of these proteins, the oxidized form of peroxiredoxin I (PrxI) was concomitantly up-regulated in both strains under $H_2O_2$ treatment. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (DE) followed by immunoblot analysis shows that the recovery of the oxidized PrxI to the reduced enzyme under $H_2O_2$ treatment was found to be much slower in the DOHH- strain than in the parental strain. Based on the results, we discovered a possible interaction between DOHH and PrxI by immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting in yeast under oxidative stress. Taken together, these results suggest that DOHH might be a candidate protein for protection of yeast cells against oxidative stress in conjunction with PrxI.
FSR1 is essential for virulence and female fertility in Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum.
Shim, Won-Bo,Sagaram, Uma Shankar,Choi, Yoon-E,So, Jinny,Wilkinson, Heather H,Lee, Yin-Won APS Press 2006 Molecular plant-microbe interactions Vol.19 No.7
<P>Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis) and F. graminearum (teleomorph G. zeae) are well known to cause devastating diseases on cereal crops. Despite their importance, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these host-pathogen interactions is limited. The FSR1 locus in F. verticillioides was identified by screening REMI mutants for loss of virulence in maize stalk rot inoculation studies. FSR1 encodes an 823-codon open reading frame interrupted by two introns. The Fsr1 protein shares 60% sequence identity with the Sordaria macrospora Pro11, a multimodular protein with four putative protein-protein binding domains (caveolin-binding domain, coiled-coil structure, calmodulin-binding motif, and seven-WD40 repeats), which plays a regulatory role in cell differentiation and ascocarp development. Our data demonstrate that FSR1 is essential for female fertility and virulence in F. verticillioides. Significantly, targeted disruption of the FSR1 ortholog in F. graminearum (FgFSR1) reduced virulence on barley and deterred perithecia formation. Cross-complementation experiments demonstrated that the gene function is conserved in the two Fusarium species. FSR1 is expressed constitutively, and we hypothesize that Fsr1 regulates virulence by acting as a scaffold for a signal transduction pathway. A survey of available genome databases indicates Fsr1 homologs are present in a number of filamentous fungi and animal systems but not in budding yeast or plants. A maximum likelihood analysis of this gene family reveals well-supported monophyletic clades associated with fungi and animals.</P>