http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Olmos-Serrano, J.,Kang, H.,Tyler, William A.,Silbereis, John C.,Cheng, F.,Zhu, Y.,Pletikos, M.,Jankovic-Rapan, L.,Cramer, Nathan P.,Galdzicki, Z.,Goodliffe, J.,Peters, A.,Sethares, C.,Delalle, I.,Gold Cell Press 2016 Neuron Vol.89 No.6
Trisomy 21, or Down syndrome (DS), is the most common genetic cause of developmental delay and intellectual disability. To gain insight into the underlying molecular and cellular pathogenesis, we conducted a multi-region transcriptome analysis of DS and euploid control brains spanning from mid-fetal development to adulthood. We found genome-wide alterations in the expression of a large number of genes, many of which exhibited temporal and spatial specificity and were associated with distinct biological processes. In particular, we uncovered co-dysregulation of genes associated with oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination that were validated via cross-species comparison to Ts65Dn trisomy mice. Furthermore, we show that hypomyelination present in Ts65Dn mice is in part due to cell-autonomous effects of trisomy on oligodendrocyte differentiation and results in slower neocortical action potential transmission. Together, these results identify defects in white matter development and function in DS, and they provide a transcriptional framework for further investigating DS neuropathogenesis.
<i>SPITZER</i>AND HEINRICH HERTZ TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF STARLESS CORES: MASSES AND ENVIRONMENTS
Stutz, Amelia M.,Rieke, George H.,Bieging, John H.,Balog, Zoltan,Heitsch, Fabian,Kang, Miju,Peters, William L.,Shirley, Yancy L.,Werner, Michael W. IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.707 No.1
<P>We present Spitzer observations of a sample of 12 starless cores selected to have prominent 24 mu m shadows. The Spitzer images show 8 mu m and 24 mu m shadows and in some cases 70 mu m shadows; these spatially resolved absorption features trace the densest regions of the cores. We have carried out a (CO)-C-12 (2-1) and (CO)-C-13 (2-1) mapping survey of these cores with the Heinrich Hertz Telescope (HHT). We use the shadow features to derive optical depth maps. We derive molecular masses for the cores and the surrounding environment; we find that the 24 mu m shadow masses are always greater than or equal to the molecular masses derived in the same region, a discrepancy likely caused by CO freezeout onto dust grains. We combine this sample with two additional cores that we studied previously to bring the total sample to 14 cores. Using a simple Jeans mass criterion, we find that similar to 2/3 of the cores selected to have prominent 24 mu m shadows are collapsing or near collapse, a result that is supported by millimeter line observations. Of this subset at least half have indications of 70 mu m shadows. All cores observed to produce absorption features at 70 mu m are close to collapse. We conclude that 24 mu m shadows, and even more so the 70 mu m ones, are useful markers of cloud cores that are approaching collapse.</P>