유럽사회에 있어서 지식인의 역할

Weninger, Franz 숙명여자대학교 독일어권연구센터 1987 독일문화 Vol.1 No.-

친애하는 신사숙녀 여러분! 제가 이 강연에 여러분들께 이 존재에 관해 완전한 이론을 제시하리라고는 기대하지 마십시오. 대로는 끊임없이 색을 변화시키는 카멜레온이다가…카멜레온의 경우엔 적응색입니다만… 때로는 정신적인 의미에서의 코끼리이다가, 때로는 공기의 요정 아리엘이다가, 때로는 냉철한 거인두뇌 흑은 관료주의자적인 통치자이기도 한 이 존재… 즉, 지식인이란 존재에 관한 이론은 기대하지 마십시오. 또한 저는 유럽사회에서의 지식인에 대해 일관성있게 역사적으로 다룬 어떤 논문도 여러분들께 소개하게 되지는 못한 것입니다. 저는 저 존재를 좀 조명해 보는 것으로 만족하려 합니다. 저 존재는 어떤 사회형태 속에나 존재하고 있으며, 자연사회 속에서, 이러한 사회의 성직자들이나 마술사들, 예언자들 속에서 그 조상을 갖습니다. 그리고 우리가 알타미라(스페인)나 라스코(프랑스)의 피레네 지역에 있는 15000년 전에 그려진 놀라운 동굴벽화들을 관찰해 본다면 우리는, 이 사람들도 역시 그들의 사상과 경험지평을 표현하는 일군의 지식인들과 예술가들을 가졌음을 알 수 있읍니다.

Role of the gut–brain axis in energy and glucose metabolism

Wachsmuth Hallie R.,Weninger Savanna N.,Duca Frank A. 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

The gastrointestinal tract plays a role in the development and treatment of metabolic diseases. During a meal, the gut provides crucial information to the brain regarding incoming nutrients to allow proper maintenance of energy and glucose homeostasis. This gut–brain communication is regulated by various peptides or hormones that are secreted from the gut in response to nutrients; these signaling molecules can enter the circulation and act directly on the brain, or they can act indirectly via paracrine action on local vagal and spinal afferent neurons that innervate the gut. In addition, the enteric nervous system can act as a relay from the gut to the brain. The current review will outline the different gut–brain signaling mechanisms that contribute to metabolic homeostasis, highlighting the recent advances in understanding these complex hormonal and neural pathways. Furthermore, the impact of the gut microbiota on various components of the gut–brain axis that regulates energy and glucose homeostasis will be discussed. A better understanding of the gut–brain axis and its complex relationship with the gut microbiome is crucial for the development of successful pharmacological therapies to combat obesity and diabetes.

Ret finger protein inhibits muscle differentiation by modulating serum response factor and enhancer of polycomb1

Kee, H J,Kim, J-R,Joung, H,Choe, N,Lee, S E,Eom, G H,Kim, J C,Geyer, S H,Jijiwa, M,Kato, T,Kawai, K,Weninger, W J,Seo, S B,Nam, K-I,Jeong, M H,Takahashi, M,Kook, H Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012 Cell death and differentiation Vol.19 No.1

Skeletal myogenesis is precisely regulated by multiple transcription factors. Previously, we demonstrated that enhancer of polycomb 1 (Epc1) induces skeletal muscle differentiation by potentiating serum response factor (SRF)-dependent muscle gene activation. Here, we report that an interacting partner of Epc1, ret finger protein (RFP), blocks skeletal muscle differentiation. Our findings show that RFP was highly expressed in skeletal muscles and was downregulated during myoblast differentiation. Forced expression of RFP delayed myoblast differentiation, whereas knockdown enhanced it. Epc1-induced enhancements of SRF-dependent multinucleation, transactivation of the skeletal α-actin promoter, binding of SRF to the serum response element, and muscle-specific gene induction were blocked by RFP. RFP interfered with the physical interaction between Epc1 and SRF. Muscles from rfp knockout mice (Rfp<SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice were bigger than those from wild-type mice, and the expression of SRF-dependent muscle-specific genes was upregulated. Myotube formation and myoblast differentiation were enhanced in Rfp<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Taken together, our findings highlight RFP as a novel regulator of muscle differentiation that acts by modulating the expression of SRF-dependent skeletal muscle-specific genes.

Screening of submergence tolerant rice under artificial condition based on multiple selection indices

Rina Hapsari Wening,Indrastuti Apri Rumanti,Bambang Sapta Purwoko,Willy Bayuardi Suwarno,Nurul Khumaida 한국육종학회 2019 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.7 No.4

Flooding often occurs during the vegetative stage in freshwater swamps and rainfed lowlands, and therefore submergencetolerant rice varieties are needed. This study was aimed at evaluating rice lines to submergence stress. The experiments wereconducted at ICRR experimental station in Sukamandi, Subang, West Java, each in different environmental conditions: (1) submergencecondition, which was conducted in a submergence pool and (2) optimal condition, which was conducted in the irrigationfield. Ninety-five lines and four check varieties, namely Inpari 30 Ciherang Sub1, IR42, Limboto, and IR20 were used. An augmenteddesign with five blocks was followed in each environment. Three selection methods were used: (1) selection based on survival rate andvigor, (2) selection based on productivity under submergence and sensitivity index on productivity character, (3) selection based on theweighted selection index using sensitivity index variables of morphological and agronomic characters. The clustergram analysis withheatmaps method was used to compile of three previous selection methods to facilitate scientist in clarifying tolerant and sensitive lines. There were eighteen lines selected as tolerant to submergence stress, i.e., line no. 9, 15, 34, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61,62, 89, and 90. These lines are considered promising for breeding improved rice varieties tolerant to submergence.

Preachers, pirates and peace-building: Examining non-violent hegemonic masculinities in Aceh

Rahel Kunz,Henri Myrttinen,Wening Udasmoro 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2018 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.24 No.3

With respect to research on violent conflict, violent masculinities and masculinities linked to military or military-style organizations have received considerable attention. Such forms of violent masculinity are often seen as hegemonic. Based on our research in Aceh, Indonesia, we suggest that the conflation of hegemonic forms of masculinity with militarization and violence overlooks the many ways in which civilian men use political mechanisms of hegemonic masculinity to create consent while remaining explicitly non-violent and thus contribute to non-violent ways of managing conflict. Drawing on vignettes of Acehnese men’s experiences, we identify three strategies of conflict prevention and management to achieve relative hegemony in non-violent ways: strategic appeasement, creating safe spaces and transforming militarized masculinities. The ways in which these men participate in peace-building contribute to reducing violence, yet do not necessarily challenge hegemonic masculinities. Our case study of conflict-related masculinities in Aceh paints a nuanced picture of what comes to be seen as hegemonic in a given society at a given point in time and what can be contested. We demonstrate the importance of understanding conflict management through an approach that includes non-violent forms of masculinities and focuses on hegemonic masculinity as a political mechanism of consent creation.

유럽 92-단일시장이 EC 회원국들과 EC의 무역상대국들에 미치게 될 효과

알로이스 베니히(Alois Wening) 동국대학교 경영연구원 1989 경영과 사례연구 Vol.13 No.1

Development of High-Yielding Rice Varieties Suitable for Swampy Lands in Indonesia

( Indrastuti A. Rumanti ),( Yudhistira Nugraha ),( Rina H. Wening ),( Zennia Jean C. Gonzaga ),( Suwarno ),( Anggiani Nasution ),( Dede Kusdiaman ),( Endang M. Septiningsih ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.4

Productivity of swampy land rice varieties in Indonesia remains low due to abiotic and biotic stresses. Iron toxicity, submergence and long-term flooding are common problems that affect plant growth, sometimes leading to total crop loss. Meanwhile, rice blast, rice tungro virus (RTV), and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) can also lead to severe yield loss. These stresses could be overcome by an integrative approach of cultural practices and planting multi-stress tolerant rice. Here we describe the development of new high-yielding varieties that are adapted to the swampy land environments in Indonesia with multi-stress tolerance to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Multi-environmental trials were performed in nine locations to screen for several abiotic and biotic stresses in the field and greenhouse in 2012 and 2013. This study identified promising rice lines that had high grain yield as well as tolerance to iron toxicity and submergence, resistance to BLB and RTV, and good grain quality. The best line was B11377F-MR-34-2, derived from a double cross among Cinglonik, IRBB7, Mamberamo and IR64. It was confirmed that this advanced breeding line carries the submergence tolerance gene, SUB1, through expression analysis of the SUB1A gene. Another promising line was B11586F-MR-11-2-2, having iron toxicity tolerance, resistance to RTV, and high milling recovery. Moreover, these lines have passed the Indonesian national variety release committee and have been named as Inpara8 and Inpara9, and are targeted for dissemination and adoption in the swampy areas.