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        A Tissue-Engineered Conduit for Urinary Diversion Using Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bladder Acellular Matrix

        Yunhe Xiong,Wen-Biao Liao,Sixing Yang,Lingchao Meng,Chao Song 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2015 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.12 No.3

        Ileal conduits are commonly used in bladder cancer treatment and in pediatric patients who require urinary diversion surgeries. We constructed a tissue-engineered conduit using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and a bladder acellular matrix (BAM) and transplanted it into rabbits for urinary diversion to evaluate the feasibility of its clinical application. Rabbit BMSCs were isolated, expanded in vitro, and were then treated with a conditional medium for 3 weeks, allowing the BMSCs to transform into urothelium-like cells. These cells were seeded onto BAM and cultured for another week. The cell-matrix grafts were then sewn into a conduit approximately 4 cm in length and 1 cm in diameter and were implanted as conduits for urinary diversion in 12 male rabbits. Rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 4 week after operation. Histologic examinations were performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and tissue structures were evaluated by using immunohistochemistry. BMSCs can transform into urothelium-like cells that express the urothelium-specific proteins uroplakin 1A (UPK1A), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), and cytokeratin 13 (CK13). These cells are able to generate epithelial coverage in the conduit lumen based on BAM. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining with AE1/AE3, UPK1A, and tight junction protein 1 (ZO-1), indicating the presence of mature and functional epithelial cells on the lumen of the conduit. BMSCs may represent a new source cell for urinary tissue engineering, and it is feasible to construct a conduit with transformed BMSCs and BAM for urinary diversion in rabbits.

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        Muscle-derived Stem Cells Differentiate into Functional Smooth Muscle Cells for Ureter Tissue Engineering: An Experimental Study

        Zhan-Kui Zhao,Hong-Lian Yu,Fei Xiao,Shi-Wen Li,Wen-Biao Liao,Kai-Liang Zhao 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.3

        We assessed the ability of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) to differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMC) and their potential to promote the regeneration of smooth muscle with a vessel extracellular matrix (VECM)for tissue engineering of the ureter. MDSC were isolated,proliferated, and identified by flow cytometry. SMC phenotype differentiation was induced with a smooth muscle induction medium. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and Western blot studies. The VECM was obtained by a decellularization process, and cytotoxic effects were evaluated by exposing the induced cells to a VECM extract. The induced cells were seeded onto VECM in vitro for 1 week, and then the compound grafts were used for ureter reconstitution in vivo. The grafts were obtained for histological studies at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks post-operation. Intravenous urography was used to evaluate renal function and ureteral patency. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the MDSC expressed Sca-1 and desmin, but did not express CD45. After induction, SMC phenotype gene expression was confirmed in the induced cells by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot studies. VECM exhibited a nontoxic effect on the induced cells in vitro. At 16 weeks postoperation,a histological evaluation showed that multilayered urothelium and organized muscle fiber bundles had formed in the grafts. Intravenous urography demonstrated no evidence of ureteral stricture or hydroureteronephrosis. These results demonstrate that MDSC can be induced into SMC and that this was useful for promoting regeneration of smooth muscles for ureter tissue engineering. We assessed the ability of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) to differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMC) and their potential to promote the regeneration of smooth muscle with a vessel extracellular matrix (VECM)for tissue engineering of the ureter. MDSC were isolated,proliferated, and identified by flow cytometry. SMC phenotype differentiation was induced with a smooth muscle induction medium. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and Western blot studies. The VECM was obtained by a decellularization process, and cytotoxic effects were evaluated by exposing the induced cells to a VECM extract. The induced cells were seeded onto VECM in vitro for 1 week, and then the compound grafts were used for ureter reconstitution in vivo. The grafts were obtained for histological studies at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks post-operation. Intravenous urography was used to evaluate renal function and ureteral patency. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the MDSC expressed Sca-1 and desmin, but did not express CD45. After induction, SMC phenotype gene expression was confirmed in the induced cells by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot studies. VECM exhibited a nontoxic effect on the induced cells in vitro. At 16 weeks postoperation,a histological evaluation showed that multilayered urothelium and organized muscle fiber bundles had formed in the grafts. Intravenous urography demonstrated no evidence of ureteral stricture or hydroureteronephrosis. These results demonstrate that MDSC can be induced into SMC and that this was useful for promoting regeneration of smooth muscles for ureter tissue engineering.

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