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Progress on Understanding the Anticancer Mechanisms of Medicinal Mushroom: Inonotus Obliquus
Song, Fu-Qiang,Liu, Ying,Kong, Xiang-Shi,Chang, Wei,Song, Ge Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, the demand for more effective and safer therapeutic agents for the chemoprevention of human cancer has increased. As a white rot fungus, Inonotus obliquus is valued as an edible and medicinal resource. Chemical investigations have shown that I. obliquus produces a diverse range of secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, melanins, and lanostane-type triterpenoids. Among these are active components for antioxidant, antitumoral, and antiviral activities and for improving human immunity against infection of pathogenic microbes. Importantly, their anticancer activities have become a hot recently, but with relatively little knowledge of their modes of action. Some compounds extracted from I. obliquus arrest cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase and then induce cell apoptosis or differentiation, whereas some examples directly participate in the cell apoptosis pathway. In other cases, polysaccharides from I. obliquus can indirectly be involved in anticancer processes mainly via stimulating the immune system. Furthermore, the antioxidative ability of I. obliquus extracts can prevent generation of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding mechanisms underlying the anticancer influence of I. obliquus, to provide a comprehensive landscape view of the actions of this mushroom in preventing cancer.
Ya-Feng Song,Xiong-Xiong Kong,Wei-Bin Tang,Zhong-Qiang Suo,Huan Zhang,Chen-Yang Li,Qian Jia,Cai-Xia Xue,Yan-Wu Lu,Chao-Pu Yang 한국물리학회 2019 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.74 No.11
We investigate the polarization effect in intersubband transitions in polar and nonpolar GaN-based multiple-quantum well (MQW) structures for terahertz (THz) emissions by using systematic comparisons and design a nonpolar GaN/Al$_{0.2}$Ga$_{0.8}$N two-well-based MQW structure with an emitting photon of 7.27 THz (30.07 meV). Its lower energy separation (92.7 meV) matches the resonant phonon depopulation condition for better population inversion. It shows a lower threshold current density $J\rm_{th}$ at all temperatures (1.548 kA/cm$^2$ at 90 K) and a higher output power of up to 86.1 mW at 5.8 K and 33.6 mW at 100 K. Our results for the polar GaN MQW are very close to the experimental data in the literature. We find that the $J\rm_{th}$ of the nonpolar GaN MQW increases more slowly than that of the polar GaN MQW as temperature increases, indicating the nonpolar GaN MQW may be a worth-trying direction for improving the operation temperature. These results can provide meaningful references for the design and fabrication of nonpolar GaN-based THz MQW or quantum cascade structures.
Namkha Norbu,Yuegao Liu,Jinchao Li,Qunzi Jia,Wei Wang,Xiaobing Song,Yazhi Li,Huilei Kong,Yijie Gao,Xianzheng Guo,Xuegang Yao 한국지질과학협의회 2021 Geosciences Journal Vol.25 No.6
The East Kunlun orogenic belt (EKOB) is located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Voluminous Silurian–Devonian granitoids were formed during the Proto-Tethys Ocean subduction and collision process. In this study, zircon U-Pb age dating, in-situ Hf isotope analyses, and whole rock major and trace element analyses have been carried out on granitoids from the central to eastern EKOB. The formation ages of granodiorite in the Bairiqili area, the granodiorite in the Wulonggou area are 410 ± 2 Ma and 396 ± 1 Ma, respectively, and the granodiorites show I-type features. The Wulonggou syenogranite with a formation age of 398 ± 2 Ma has a high differentiation index (D.I. = 89.59–92.43), and may belong to the high fractionated I-type granite. The Lalangmai tonalite with a formation age of 423 ± 2 Ma has high Sr (339–590 μg/g), εHf(t) (1.5–7.3), and low Y (3.45–6.33 μg/g), which are similar to modern adakites. The Lalangmai tonalite is the latest adakite record during the Proto-Tethys evolution in EKOB. Combined with previous studies, it is concluded that the granitoids from Cambrian to Devonian divided into four episodes. The first episode (515–436 Ma) mainly consists of I-type island arc granites and adakite, which are formed in a subduction environment. The second episode (436–427 Ma) is characterized by the S-type granites related to the collision. The third episode (427–420 Ma) is the transition period between the collision and the post-collision environment. In the fourth episodes (420–385 Ma), granitoids were formed in post-collision extensional environment, which is characterized by I-type and A-type granites. The upwelling of asthenosphere material is likely caused by the collapse of the orogenic belt. After 420 Ma, I-type and A-type granites formed at different depths but in the same environment.