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Washio, Masakazu,Mori, Mitsuru,Mikami, Kazuya,Miki, Tsuneharu,Watanabe, Yoshiyuki,Nakao, Masahiro,Kubo, Tatsuhiko,Suzuki, Koji,Ozasa, Kotaro,Wakai, Kenji,Tamakoshi, Akiko Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.7
Background: The incidence of bladder cancer is lower in Asian than in Western countries. However, the crude incidence and mortality of bladder cancer have recently increased in Japan because of the increased number of senior citizens. We have already reported risk factors for urothelial cancer in a large population-based cohort study in Japan (JACC study). However, we did not evaluate the cancer risk in the upper and lower urinary tract separately in our previous study. Materials and Methods: Here we evaluated the risk of cancer death in the upper and lower urinary tracts, separately, using the database of the JACC study. The analytic cohort included 46,395 males and 64,190 females aged 40 to 79 years old. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: Current smoking increased the risk of both upper and lower urinary tract cancer deaths. A history of kidney disease was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer death, even after controlling for age, sex and smoking status. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that current smoking increases the risk of both upper and lower urinary tract cancer deaths and indicated the possibility that a history of kidney disease may be a risk factor for bladder cancer death in the Japanese population.
Washio, Masakazu,Mori, Mitsuru,Mikami, Kazuya,Miki, Tsuneharu,Watanabe, Yoshiyuki,Nakao, Masahiro,Kubo, Tatsuhiko,Suzuki, Koji,Ozasa, Kotaro,Wakai, Kenji,Tamakoshi, Akiko Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11
Background: Cigarette smoking is the largest single recognized cause of human cancers. In Western countries, many epidemiologists have reported risk factors for kidney cancer including smoking. However, little is known about the Japanese population. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the association of smoking with the risk of kidney cancer death in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. Participants included 46,395 males and 64,190 females. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine age-and-sex adjusted relative risks. Results: A total of 62 males and 26 females died from kidney cancer during the follow-up of 707,136 and 1,025,703 person-years, respectively. Heavy smokers (Brinkman index >1200), fondness of fatty foods, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity were suggested to increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma while walking was suggested to decrease the risk. Even after controlling for age, sex, alcohol drinking and DM, heavy smoking significantly increased the risk. Conclusions: The present study suggests that six factors including smoking may increase and/or reduce the risk of kidney cancer in the Japanese population. Because of the small number of outcomes, however, we did not evaluate these factors after adjusting for all possible confounding factors. Further studies may be needed to confirm the findings in this study.
Risk Factors for Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Japanese Population
Washio, Masakazu,Mori, Mitsuru,Mikami, Kazuya,Miki, Tsuneharu,Watanabe, Yoshiyuki,Nakao, Masahiro,Kubo, Tatsuhiko,Suzuki, Koji,Ozasa, Kotaro,Wakai, Kenji,Tamakoshi, Akiko Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.21
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is high in Western and Northern Europe and North America, and low in Asia. Although the incidence of RCC in Japan is lower than the rates in the other industrialized countries, there is no doubt that it is increasing. In this paper, we would like to introduce the summary of findings of JACC study, which evaluate the risk factors for RCC in a Japanese population. JACC study suggests nine risk factors (i.e., smoking, obesity, low physical activity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney diseases, beef, fondness for fatty food and black tea) and one preventive factor (i.e., starchy roots such as taro, sweet potato and potato) in a Japanese population. In Japan, however, drinking black tea may be a surrogate for westernized dietary habits while eating starchy roots may be a surrogate for traditional Japanese dietary habits. Further studies may be needed to evaluate risk factors for RCC because the number of cases is small in our studies.
鷲尾龍一 서울대학교 어학연구소 2002 語學硏究 Vol.38 No.3
The present paper demonstrates that Japanese used to be a language displaying "Auxiliary Selection," a phenomenon which has been unequivocally observed in only some European languages. Evidence for this claim comes from the observation that the perfect auxiliaries in Old Japanese, -tu and -nu, display a close distributional correspondence to the European auxiliaries HAVE and BE, particularly to hebben and zijn in Dutch. This correspondence holds not only in the regular cases where -tu/hebben appear with transitives/unergatives and -nu/zijn with unaccusatives, but also in the irregular cases where some transitive verbs are exceptionally allowed to select -nu/zijn, the auxiliaries which are otherwise expected to appear with unaccusatives. Given that Auxiliary Selection is a possibility once allowed for Japanese, it is worthwhile (re)examining other Asian languages from this particular perspective.
鷲尾龍一 서울대학교 어학연구소 1997 語學硏究 Vol.33 No.3
Expressions of the form NP_1-V-NP_2-AP in English which have been treated uniformly as "Resultatives" in the literature are here divided into three types, on the basis of the different semantic relations they express and their cross-linguistic distribution. They are: (ⅰ) STRONG resultatives, in which the meaning of the AP in the above schema is completely independent of the meaning of the verb (e.g., The horses dragged the logs smooth, where the lexical meaning of the verb does not contain anything like the notion of smoothness), (ⅱ) WEAK resultatives, in which the meaning of the AP is not completely independent of the meaning of the verb (e.g., I froze the ice cream solid, where the notion of solidness is already contained in the meaning of the verb to freeze), and (ⅲ) SPURIOUS resultatives, in which the AP specifies the manner, not the result, of the activity described by the verb (e.g., He tied his shoelaces tight/loose) and which, therefore, are not resultative expressions in the strict sense of the term. Given these informal definitions, the so-called intransitive resultatives (e.g., The joggers ran the pavement thin) are always "Strong," since the verb here (run), being in transitive, cannot contain in its semantics anything like the notion specified by the AP (thin). This trichotomy of resultative-like expressions is strongly motivated by the following cross-linguistic considerations. Thus, while English permits all the three types of expressions just mentioned, languages like Japanese permit only WEAK and SPURIOUS resultatives, and still other languages, such as French, basically permit only SPURIOUS resultatives. In this paper, we analyze Korean from the perspective of the above trichotomy, and conclude that it is another example of those languages which permit WEAK and SPURIOUS resultatives, but not STRONG resultatives, including those based on intransitive (or "unergative") verbs.
Clinical and pharmacological application of multiscale multiphysics heart simulator, UT-Heart
Jun-ichi Okada,Takumi Washio,Seiryo Sugiura,Toshiaki Hisada 대한약리학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.23 No.5
A heart simulator, UT-Heart, is a finite element model of the human heart that can reproduce all the fundamental activities of the working heart, including propagation of excitation, contraction, and relaxation and generation of blood pressure and blood flow, based on the molecular aspects of the cardiac electrophysiology and excitation-contraction coupling. In this paper, we present a brief review of the practical use of UT-Heart. As an example, we focus on its application for predicting the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and evaluating the proarrhythmic risk of drugs. Patient-specific, multiscale heart simulation successfully predicted the response to CRT by reproducing the complex pathophysiology of the heart. A proarrhythmic risk assessment system combining in vitro channel assays and in silico simulation of cardiac electrophysiology using UT-Heart successfully predicted druginduced arrhythmogenic risk. The assessment system was found to be reliable and efficient. We also developed a comprehensive hazard map on the various combinations of ion channel inhibitors. This in silico electrocardiogram database (now freely available at http://ut-heart.com/) can facilitate proarrhythmic risk assessment without the need to perform computationally expensive heart simulation. Based on these results, we conclude that the heart simulator, UT-Heart, could be a useful tool in clinical medicine and drug discovery.
Clinical and pharmacological application of multiscale multiphysics heart simulator, UT-Heart
Okada, Jun-ichi,Washio, Takumi,Sugiura, Seiryo,Hisada, Toshiaki The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2019 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.23 No.5
A heart simulator, UT-Heart, is a finite element model of the human heart that can reproduce all the fundamental activities of the working heart, including propagation of excitation, contraction, and relaxation and generation of blood pressure and blood flow, based on the molecular aspects of the cardiac electrophysiology and excitation-contraction coupling. In this paper, we present a brief review of the practical use of UT-Heart. As an example, we focus on its application for predicting the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and evaluating the proarrhythmic risk of drugs. Patient-specific, multiscale heart simulation successfully predicted the response to CRT by reproducing the complex pathophysiology of the heart. A proarrhythmic risk assessment system combining in vitro channel assays and in silico simulation of cardiac electrophysiology using UT-Heart successfully predicted drug-induced arrhythmogenic risk. The assessment system was found to be reliable and efficient. We also developed a comprehensive hazard map on the various combinations of ion channel inhibitors. This in silico electrocardiogram database (now freely available at http://ut-heart.com/) can facilitate proarrhythmic risk assessment without the need to perform computationally expensive heart simulation. Based on these results, we conclude that the heart simulator, UT-Heart, could be a useful tool in clinical medicine and drug discovery.