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Rong Zeng,Renzhong Qiao,Zehu Wang,Hongran Wang,Liqiang Chen,Lin Yang,Liming Hu,Zelin Li 한국고분자학회 2012 Macromolecular Research Vol.20 No.4
Two kinds of chitosan-stavudine (d4T) conjugates, chitosan-O-isopropyl-5'-O-d4T monophosphate conjugate (Cs-P-d4T) with a phosphoramide linkage and chitosan-5'-O-succinyl-d4T conjugate (Cs-S-d4T) with a succinic spacer, were synthesized using an Atherton-Todd reaction and carbodiimide coupling reaction, respectively, and then structurally characterized. Their in vitro drug release behaviors and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity were investigated and compared. Both of the chitosan-d4T conjugates more strongly prefer to release corresponding d4T derivatives rather than free d4T in a prolonged manner but have different hydrolysis routes. The anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity evaluated in the MT4 cell line revealed that the anti-HIV selectivity index was in the following order: Cs-P-d4T > d4T >> Cs-S-d4T since the released d4T-5'-(O-isopropyl) monophosphate from Cs-P-d4T can bypass the rate-limiting bottleneck of nucleoside phosphorylation, while the released 5'-O-succinyl-d4T from Cs-Sd4T has to be hydrolyzed to d4T and then successively phosphorylated to its active form to exert antiviral activity. The results suggested that constructing a chitosan-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) conjugate with a phosphoramide linkage may be an efficient approach for improving NRTI therapy efficacy in antiretroviral treatment.
Yang YiFei,Wang RenZhong,Zhu XiaoBin,Du Jie 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.4
A non-linear mathematical model was built to represent the planetary magnetic gear motor in a vehicle steering system. In view of period doubling, quasi-period and chaotic motions in the steering process of the steering system under some parameters and operation conditions, a numerical simulation analysis was conducted on chaotic behavior arising in the model for the steering system based on the maximum Lyapunov exponent. Furthermore, the system was designed through complementary sliding-mode control and its performance was improved by combining this with an adaptive recurrent cerebellar-modelarticulation controller. This suppresses chaos in the lateral motion of vehicles, and improves the safety and stability of the steering system in the process of vehicle driving, proving the eff ectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
In-situ photoelectron spectroscopy with online activity measurement for catalysis research
Rui Chang,Young Pyo Hong,Stephanus Axnanda,Baohua Mao,Naila Jabeen,Suidong Wang,Renzhong Tai,Zhi Liu 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.5
We report Ambient pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Endstation with an integrated chemical analytical system that consists of a residual gas analyzer in the 2nd differential pumping stage and a new low-reactive sample holder heating assembly. This system has a linear response to the reaction chamber gas pressure. The sample heating assembly also has a low dark reaction rate up to 400 ℃ for H2 and CO oxidation. We expect this chemical analytical system will expand our capabilities in conducting inoperando catalysis research.