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- 저자 : Wan-Tsang Wang (검색결과 2 건)
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Cao, Leichang,Yu, Iris K.M.,Cho, Dong-Wan,Wang, Di,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Zhang, Shicheng,Ding, Shiming,Wang, Linling,Ok, Yong Sik Elsevier 2019 Bioresource technology Vol.273 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, red seaweed (<I>Gracilaria lemaneiformis</I>) food waste with high carbohydrate content was valorized into levulinic acid (LA) and algae hydrochar through microwave-assisted low-temperature hydrothermal treatment in dilute acid solution. Various parameters including treatment temperature (160–200 °C), reaction time (1–40 min), acid concentration (0–0.6 M), and biomass-to-liquid ratio (1%–10%, w/v) were examined. The energy efficiency and carbon recovery of the proposed process were investigated. Under the experimental conditions of 5% (w/v) biomass loading, 0.2 M H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4,</SUB> 180 °C, and 20 min, the highest levulinic acid yield of 16.3 wt% was produced. The resulting hydrochar showed approximately 45–55% energy yield and higher heating values of 19–25 MJ kg<SUP>−1</SUP>. The energy efficiency of the present study (1.31 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> g LA/J) was comparable to those of the conventional hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass, while the reaction time (20 min) was much shorter with a high carbon recovery (73.3%).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Red seaweed food waste was used as a sustainable feedstock for LA production. </LI> <LI> Microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment facilitated fast red seaweed conversion. </LI> <LI> High LA yield of 16.3 wt% was obtained from <I>Gracilaria lemaneiformis</I>. </LI> <LI> Algae hydrochar recovered can serve as a potential solid fuel. </LI> <LI> Energy efficiency of 1.31 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> g LA/J and high carbon recovery of 73.3% were achieved. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Chun-Nan Chen,Sheng-Hsiung Chang,Wei-Long Su,Wan-Tsang Wang,Hsiu-Fen Kao,Jen-Yi Jen,Yiming Li 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.3
The bulk inversion asymmetry (Dresselhaus) terms (i.e., B2, B1, and B01 terms) of wurtzite materials are determined. The 2 × 2 conduction band, 2 × 2 heavy-hole band, 2 × 2 light-hole band,and 2 × 2 crystal-field split-off hole band matrices of wurtzite semiconductors are developed and decoupled by using a block diagonal technique. Importantly, those 2 × 2 block diagonal matrices incorporate not only the interband coupling effect but also the bulk inversion asymmetry effect. Analytical expressions for the conduction and the valence band spin-splitting parameters and energies of GaN wurtzite materials are formulated by solving the block diagonal matrices. The presence of these terms is shown to include the spin-splitting phenomenon. The bulk inversion asymmetry (Dresselhaus) terms (i.e., B2, B1, and B01 terms) of wurtzite materials are determined. The 2 × 2 conduction band, 2 × 2 heavy-hole band, 2 × 2 light-hole band,and 2 × 2 crystal-field split-off hole band matrices of wurtzite semiconductors are developed and decoupled by using a block diagonal technique. Importantly, those 2 × 2 block diagonal matrices incorporate not only the interband coupling effect but also the bulk inversion asymmetry effect. Analytical expressions for the conduction and the valence band spin-splitting parameters and energies of GaN wurtzite materials are formulated by solving the block diagonal matrices. The presence of these terms is shown to include the spin-splitting phenomenon.
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