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Shu-Wan Chiang,Shu-Chen Wu,Tai-Chu Peng 한국간호과학회 2021 Asian Nursing Research Vol.15 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of caregivers in long-term care facilities as they implement palliative care. Although palliative care has been available in Taiwan for more than 30 years, it is often provided in hospitals, few models in the long-term care facilities. Methods: Semi-structured interviews using grounded theory methodology and purposive sampling. Two small long-term care facilities that had performed well in palliative care were selected from eastern Taiwan. A total of 12 caregivers participated in in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Results: Four major stages in the implementation of palliative care were identified: (1) feeling insecure, (2) clarifying challenges, (3) adapting to and overcoming the challenges, and (4) comprehending the meaning of palliative care. The core category of these caregivers as “the guardians at the end of life” reflects the spirit of palliative care. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that successful palliative care implementation would benefit from three conditions. First, the institution requires a manager who is enthusiastic about nursing care and who sincerely promotes a palliative care model. Second, the institution should own caregivers who possess personality traits reflective of enthusiasm for excellence, unusual ambition, and a true sense of mission. Third, early in the implementation phase of the hospice program, the institution must have the consistent support of a high-quality hospice team.
이승재,David F. Parrish,박세영,Wan-Shu Wu,Steven J. Greybush,이우진,Steven J. Lord 한국기상학회 2011 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.47 No.4
In this study, we assimilate 2-m air temperature data with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) regional Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) using the WRF-NMM model forecast as a first guess. Single time analysis experiments are conducted to test the impact of 2-m air temperature data on the analysis system and the results are compared with the control run without using 2-m air temperature data. The effort is focused on understanding the characteristics of observation innovations of the 2-m air temperature data. Modifications to background errors and a simple test of nonlinear quality control are also considered. The incorporation of a comprehensive near-surface observation operator based on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory is described and tested for possible operational use with the NCEP regional GSI system. The results from this new forward operator are compared with those from the existing simple forward operator. According to the results, mesonet 2-m temperature data were found to have a considerable amount of outliers compared with other 2-m temperature data. The nighttime western and central US domains indicated a model warm bias. Stations with large innovations are distributed uniformly in the nighttime western and central domains,while they are mainly located in the large cities in the daytime eastern domain. The statistical analysis of observation innovations showed that introduction of the new forward model can reduce root-mean-square errors in observation increment statistics. The results of a short assimilation experiment indicate that the new forward operator can be employed as a short-term strategy for near-surface data assimilation in the NCEP