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Liquid eutectic GaIn as an alternative electrode for PTB7:PCBM organic solar cells
Pham, Viet Thanh Hau,Trinh, Thanh Kieu,Truong, Nguyen Tam Nguyen,Park, Chinho Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2017 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. No.
<P>Conventional vacuum deposition process of aluminum (Al) is costly, time-consuming and difficult to apply to the large-scale production of organic photovoltaic devices (OPV). This paper reports a vacuum-free fabrication process of poly[[4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyl) oxy] benzo[1,2-b: 4,5-b'] dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thienophenediyl]:[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7: PCBM) bulk heterojunction organic solar cell with liquid eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) electrode as an alternative to the common Al electrode. The insertion of a thin poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) layer after depositing organic photoactive layer could help prevent the diffusion of liquid EGaIn into the active layer and allow the deposition of the EGaIn electrode. The PEO interfacial layer was formed by spin-coating from a mixed solvent of alcohol and water. Among different alcohol+water (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, n-propanol, isopropanol, and isobutanol) mixed solvent tested, the n-propanol+water mixed solvent showed the greatest enhancement to the performance of OPVs. The improved device performance was attributed to the reactivity of mixed solvent n-propanol+water toward the surface of PTB7: PCBM active layer, which could help optimize surface morphology. (C) 2017 The Japan Society of Applied Physics</P>
Thanh, Tran Dang,Huyen Yen, Pham Duc,Hau, Kieu Xuan,Bau, Le Viet,Yu, S. C. IEEE 2018 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.54 No.11
<P>In this paper, we have investigated the critical properties in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic (FM)–paramagnetic (PM) phase transition in a polycrystalline sample of La<SUB>0.75</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.2</SUB>Ag<SUB>0.05</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB>, which was prepared by a solid-state reaction method. Temperature dependence of the inverse of the susceptibility <TEX>$\chi ^{-1}$</TEX> ( <TEX>$T$</TEX>) proves an existence of the Griffiths phase well above Curie temperature ( <TEX>$T_{C} = 230$</TEX> K). Detailed analyses of the isothermal magnetization <TEX>$M$</TEX>( <TEX>$H$</TEX>, <TEX>$T$</TEX>) data reveal the sample exhibiting a second-order magnetic phase transition, and its temperature dependences of the saturation magnetization and the initial susceptibility obey the asymptotic relations. Using the modified Arrott plots method, the Kouvel–Fisher method, and the critical isotherm analysis, the critical parameters ( <TEX>$\beta$</TEX>, <TEX>$\gamma$</TEX>, <TEX>$\delta$</TEX>, and <TEX>$T_{C}$</TEX>) of La<SUB>0.75</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.2</SUB>Ag<SUB>0.05</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> compound have been estimated. Using these critical exponent values, almost <TEX>$M$</TEX>( <TEX>$H$</TEX>, <TEX>$T$</TEX>) data measured at different temperatures around FM–PM phase transition are collapsed onto two universal curves of <TEX>$M/\vert \varepsilon \vert ^{\boldsymbol {\beta }}$</TEX> versus <TEX>$H/\vert \varepsilon \vert ^{\boldsymbol {\beta }+\boldsymbol {\gamma }}$</TEX> corresponding to the regular functions for <TEX>$T > T_{C}$</TEX> and <TEX>$T < T_{C}$</TEX>, respectively.</P>
Thanh Kieu Trinh,Nguyen Tam Nguyen Truong,Viet Thanh Hau Pham,김효은,박진호 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.7
Iron pyrite (FeS2) thin films were fabricated by spin coating the solution of FeS2 nanocrystals of ~40 nm in size on glass substrates, followed by annealing in a sulfur environment at different temperatures. The effect of sulfurization temperature on the morphology, structural, optical and electrical properties was investigated. With increase of the sulfurization temperature, the grain size and crystallinity of the films was improved, although some cracks and voids were observed on the surface of thin films. The band gap of the FeS2 films was decreased at higher sulfurization temperature. The electrical properties were also changed, including the increasing in resistivity and the decrease in Hall mobility, with increase of sulfurization temperature. The change in the optical and electrical properties of the FeS2 thin films was explained based on the changes of phase, morphology, surface, and grain boundary property.
트롱윈탐윈,Kieu Thanh Trinh,Viet Thanh Hau Pham,김창득,박진호 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.4
CdSe-tetrapod nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized by using octylphosphonic acid (OPA) as a cappingligand and cadmium oxide (CdO) as a cadmium precursor. The effects of thermal annealing in nitrogen (N2) environmenton the chemical composition, morphology, crystal structure and optoelectronic properties of the CdSe-tetrapodshave been investigated. Remarkable difference in the morphological and optoelectronic properties between as-synthesizedand N2-annealed CdSe NCs was observed. The photoluminescence (PL) peak of N2-annealed CdSe NCs shiftedto lower energy and UV-vis absorption spectra shifted to longer wavelength, indicating the size increase and improvementof the crystallinity of the CdSe tetrapods. The power conversion efficiency of bulk hetero-junction solar cellsmade with the annealed CdSe NCs showed higher value compared with the efficiency of cells made with as-synthesizedCdSe NCs.
Effect of post-synthesis annealing on properties of SnS nanospheres and its solar cell performance
트롱윈탐윈,Ha Hai Thi Hoang,Thanh Kieu Trinh,Viet Thanh Hau Pham,Ryan Patrick Smith,박진호 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.4
SnS nanospheres (NSPs) were synthesized, and the effects of thermal annealing on the structural, morphological, chemical compositional and optical properties were examined. As-synthesized SnS NPSs with a mean size of 3- 4 nm underwent a solid state morphological transformation by high temperature annealing in a nitrogen environment. Upon annealing, the size of SnS NSP increased to 5-6 nm with enhanced crystallinity. Also, the photoluminescence (PL) of the nitrogen-annealed samples slightly decreased in intensity with accompanying red-shift in spectrum. The power conversion efficiency of the solar cells using a polymer and the SnS NSPs was ~0.71%. These results confirm that the SnS NSPs demonstrate a potential as an inorganic material to be used in organic-inorganic hybrid bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic devices.
Conductive electrodes based on Ni–graphite core–shell nanoparticles for heterojunction solar cells
Kim, Chang-Duk,Truong, Nguyen Tam Nguyen,Pham, Viet Thanh Hau,Jo, Younjung,Lee, Hyeong-Rag,Park, Chinho Elsevier 2019 Materials chemistry and physics Vol.223 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ni–graphite core–shell nanoparticles (CSNPs), which consisted of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) wrapped with several graphene layers, were grown by the thermal reduction of NiO NPs using H<SUB>2</SUB>. The effect of the synthesis temperature (800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C) on the formation of multilayer graphene shells on the Ni core NPs was investigated to evaluate the structural and electrical characteristics of the particles. The proposed chemical reactions for the formation of Ni NPs can be summarized as follows: formation of liquid Ni by the reduction of NiO, thermal decomposition of the NiO phase, and formation of multilayer graphene shell because of the supersaturation of C in the liquid Ni phase. The resistivity of the electrode pattern fabricated with the Ni–graphite CSNP paste was found to be 6.75 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP> Ω cm. Further, the power conversion efficiency of bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated with the Ni–graphite CSNPs is higher than that of cells fabricated without the Ni−graphite CSNPs. Thus, our Ni–graphite CSNPs can be employed as a highly efficient electrode material in bulk heterojunction solar cells.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ni–graphite core shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) are prepared at different temperatures. </LI> <LI> NiO NPs are reduced with H<SUB>2</SUB> gas to generate Ni NPs. </LI> <LI> The chemical reactions for the formation of Ni NPs are proposed. </LI> <LI> The resistivity of the electrode pattern of Ni-graphite CSNPs is 6.75 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP> Ω cm. </LI> <LI> Solar cells with Ni-graphite CSNPs show better power conversion efficiency (3.3%). </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>