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Performance of reduced bit-depth acquisition for optical frequency domain imaging
Goldberg, Brian D.,Vakoc, Benjamin J.,Oh, Wang-Yuhl,Suter, Melissa J.,Waxman, Sergio,Freilich, Mark I.,Bouma, Brett E.,Tearney, Guillermo J. The Optical Society 2009 Optics express Vol.17 No.19
<P>High-speed optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) has enabled practical wide-field microscopic imaging in the biological laboratory and clinical medicine. The imaging speed of OFDI, and therefore the field of view, of current systems is limited by the rate at which data can be digitized and archived rather than the system sensitivity or laser performance. One solution to this bottleneck is to natively digitize OFDI signals at reduced bit depths, e.g., at 8-bit depth rather than the conventional 12-14 bit depth, thereby reducing overall bandwidth. However, the implications of reduced bit-depth acquisition on image quality have not been studied. In this paper, we use simulations and empirical studies to evaluate the effects of reduced depth acquisition on OFDI image quality. We show that image acquisition at 8-bit depth allows high system sensitivity with only a minimal drop in the signal-to-noise ratio compared to higher bit-depth systems. Images of a human coronary artery acquired in vivo at 8-bit depth are presented and compared with images at higher bit-depth acquisition.</P>
Oh, Wang-Yuhl,Vakoc, Benjamin J.,Shishkov, Milen,Tearney, Guillermo J.,Bouma, Brett E. The Optical Society 2010 Optics letters Vol.35 No.17
<P>We demonstrate a high-speed wavelength-swept laser with a tuning range of 104nm (1228-1332nm) and a repetition rate of 403kHz. The design of the laser utilizes a high-finesse polygon-based wavelength-scanning filter and a short-length unidirectional ring resonator. Optical frequency domain imaging of the human skin in vivo is presented using this laser, and the system shows sensitivity of higher than 98dB with single-side ranging depth of 1.7mm over 4dB sensitivity roll-off.</P>
Zhang, Ellen Ziyi,Oh, Wang-Yuhl,Villiger, Martin L,Chen, Liang,Bouma, Brett E,Vakoc, Benjamin J Optical Society of America 2013 Optics express Vol.21 No.1
<P>Polarization mode dispersion (PMD), which can be induced by circulators or even moderate lengths of optical fiber, is known to be a dominant source of instrumentation noise in fiber-based PS-OCT systems. In this paper we propose a novel PMD compensation method that measures system PMD using three fixed calibration signals, numerically corrects for these instrument effects and reconstructs an improved sample image. Using a frequency multiplexed PS-OFDI setup, we validate the proposed method by comparing birefringence noise in images of intralipid, muscle, and tendon with and without PMD compensation.</P>
Murine chronic lymph node window for longitudinal intravital lymph node imaging
Meijer, Eelco F J,Jeong, Han-Sin,Pereira, Ethel R,Ruggieri, Thomas A,Blatter, Cedric,Vakoc, Benjamin J,Padera, Timothy P Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2017 Nature protocols Vol.12 No.8
<P>Chronic imaging windows in mice have been developed to allow intravital microscopy of many different organs and have proven to be of paramount importance in advancing our knowledge of normal and disease processes. A model system that allows long-term intravital imaging of lymph nodes would facilitate the study of cell behavior in lymph nodes during the generation of immune responses in a variety of disease settings and during the formation of metastatic lesions in cancer-bearing mice. We describe a chronic lymph node window (CLNW) surgical preparation that allows intravital imaging of the inguinal lymph node in mice. The CLNCLNCLNW is custom-made from titanium and incorporates a standard coverslip. It allows stable longitudinal imaging without the need for serial surgeries while preserving lymph node blood and lymph flow. We also describe how to build and use an imaging stage specifically designed for the CLNW to prevent (large) rotational changes as well as respiratory movement during imaging. The entire procedure takes approximately half an hour per mouse, and subsequently allows for longitudinal intravital imaging of the murine lymph node and surrounding structures for up to 14 d. Small-animal surgery experience is required to successfully carry out the protocol.</P>