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'ㆍ'音의 混錯表記에 關한 硏究 : 15ㆍ6C 文獻을 中心으로
李宇榮 제주대학 1981 논문집 Vol.13 No.1
1. Cases of confusion in the usage of the phonemic symbol " · "are often found in the literature published in the 15th century. 2. A great change in the phonemic symbol of apperaed in the 13th century and vanished in the 16th century. 3. The phonemic symbol of the " · " was chiefly transformed to the phonemic symbol "ㅏ" by combining "ㅏ" with the audible consonants. 4. The phonemic symbol of the " · " has been frequantly changed to the phonemic symbol "ㅏ" among nouns and to the phonemic symbol "ㅡ" in verbs. 5. Generally, however, the phonemic symbol of the " · " has been changed to the phonemic symbol "ㅏ" rather than to the phonemic symbol "ㅡ".
Renal elastography measurements in children with acute glomerulonephritis
Burak Yoǧurtçuoǧlu,Çaǧrı Damar 대한초음파의학회 2021 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.40 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the acoustic radiation force impulse elastography (ARFI-e) values of the renal cortical parenchyma in children with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) and healthy children, and to determine a cut-off point for the diagnosis of AGN. Methods: This prospective study included 30 children with biopsy-proven AGN and 30 healthy children. All the children underwent renal ARFI-e measurements. Values were obtained from the upper, middle, and lower zones of the right kidney parenchyma. A total of nine ARFI-e measurements (three from each zone) were made. Statistical analyses were conducted of the mean elastography values (MEVs) of the children in both groups. Results: In the patient group, the MEVs measured from the upper, middle and lower zones of the right kidney were 3.42±0.42 m/s, 3.45±0.45 m/s, and 3.39±0.39 m/s (average, 3.42±0.34 m/s), respectively. In the healthy control group, the MEVs measured from the upper, middle, and lower zones of the right kidney were 2.85±0.63 m/s, 2.85±0.68 m/s, and 2.86±0.66 m/s (average, 2.85±0.57 m/s), respectively. The MEVs in all zones were significantly higher in the patient group than in the healthy group (P<0.001). The cut-off values determined to predict AGN in the upper, middle, and lower zones of the kidney were 2.74 m/s (sensitivity, 96.67%; specificity, 46.67%), 2.71 m/s (sensitivity, 96.67%; specificity, 53.33%), and 2.81 m/s (sensitivity, 93.33%; specificity, 56.67%), respectively. Conclusion: The ARFI-e technique can be considered as a non-invasive, easily applicable, auxiliary method for the early diagnosis of AGN. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the acoustic radiation force impulse elastography (ARFI-e) values of the renal cortical parenchyma in children with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) and healthy children, and to determine a cut-off point for the diagnosis of AGN.Methods: This prospective study included 30 children with biopsy-proven AGN and 30 healthy children. All the children underwent renal ARFI-e measurements. Values were obtained from the upper, middle, and lower zones of the right kidney parenchyma. A total of nine ARFI-e measurements (three from each zone) were made. Statistical analyses were conducted of the mean elastography values (MEVs) of the children in both groups.Results: In the patient group, the MEVs measured from the upper, middle and lower zones of the right kidney were 3.42±0.42 m/s, 3.45±0.45 m/s, and 3.39±0.39 m/s (average, 3.42±0.34 m/s), respectively. In the healthy control group, the MEVs measured from the upper, middle, and lower zones of the right kidney were 2.85±0.63 m/s, 2.85±0.68 m/s, and 2.86±0.66 m/s (average, 2.85±0.57 m/s), respectively. The MEVs in all zones were significantly higher in the patient group than in the healthy group (P<0.001). The cut-off values determined to predict AGN in the upper, middle, and lower zones of the kidney were 2.74 m/s (sensitivity, 96.67%; specificity, 46.67%), 2.71 m/s (sensitivity, 96.67%; specificity, 53.33%), and 2.81 m/s (sensitivity, 93.33%; specificity, 56.67%), respectively.Conclusion: The ARFI-e technique can be considered as a non-invasive, easily applicable, auxiliary method for the early diagnosis of AGN.
어명희(Meung-Hee Uo),주동식(Dong-Sik Joo),조순영(Soon-Yeong Cho) 한국식품영양과학회 2006 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.35 No.1
해양생물 및 토양으로부터 총 619주의 알긴산 분해능을 나타내는 균주를 분리하여 이중 분해능이 강력했던 균주의 배양 조건 및 효소 생산 조건을 실험한 결과, 탄소원으로는 Na-alginate 2%, 질소원으로 nutrition broth 0.1%, NaCl 농도 2%, pH 7.5, 배양 온도는 30℃, 배양 시간은 144~150시간이 최적 배양 및 효소 생산 조건이었다. 아울러 균체의 생리, 생화학적 특성을 분석한 결과, 본 실험 균주가 Bacillus licheniformis로 동정되어 최종 Bacillus licheniformis AL-577로 명명하였다. For the purpose of oligosaccharide production from alginate, the main component in cell walls of brown algae, the alginate degrading bacteria have been screened from the seaweeds and soil. Among the isolated 69 strains, one strain showing the highest degrading activity was selected and identified as Bacillus licheniformis strain. The adequate sodium alginate concentration for growing the Bacillus licheniformis was 2.0%. The effective nitrogen source is nutrient broth (0.1%), and optimum initial pH, NaCl concentration, temperature and incubation time to produce the alginate degrading enzyme were 7.5, 2%, 30±2℃, and 144 hrs, respectively.
알긴산 분해균 Bacillus licheniformis AL - 577가 생산하는 균체외 효소의 정제 및 특성
어명희(Meung-Hee Uo),주동식(Dong-Sik Joo),조순영(Soon-Yeong Cho),민태선(Tae-Sun Min) 한국식품영양과학회 2006 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.35 No.2
알긴산을 선택적으로 분해하는 Bacillus licheniformis AL-577 균주가 생산하는 균체 외 효소를 정제하고 특성을 밝혔다. CM-Cellulose, DEAE-Sepharose 및 Gel 크로마토그래프 등의 순서대로 정제하여 정제도가 약 98배 정도인 효소를 얻었다. 정제효소의 활성 최적 pH 및 온도는 6.0 및 35℃이었고, pH 5.5이하와 pH 9.5이상의 반응조건에서는 불안정하였으며, 20℃이상의 온도에서는 불활성화가 쉽게 일어나는 효소였다. 얻어진 효소를 SDS-PAGE로 분자량을 측정한 결과 25,500 Da으로 추정되었다. NaCl 0.2 M 농도에서 최대의 활성을 나타내었고, 무첨가시에도 활성은 약간 나타내었다. Cu²+, Fe²+, Mg²+, Zn²+ 등과 같은 2가 금속이온에 의해서는 활성이 현저히 억제되었고, K+, Li+ 이온에 의해서 활성이 촉진됨을 알 수 있었다. 화학약품인 dithiothreitol와 O-phenanthroline의 첨가로 인하여 약간의 활성 증가를 가져 왔으며 반면 EDTA, L-cysteine는 현저하게 감소하였다. 이 효소는 알긴산에만 특이적으로 작용함으로써 본 효소는 alginase 또는 alginate lyase인 것으로 판단되었다. The extracellular enzyme alginase produced by Bacillus licheniformis AL-577 was purified by ion chromatography on CM-Cellulose column, DEAE-Sepharose column, and followed by gel filtration on Sephadx G-100 column. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of the purified enzyme were 6.0 and 35℃, respectively. The enzyme was stable at the pH range of 6.0~9.0 and at 20℃. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 25,500 daltons by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. NaCl was required for high activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was inhibited by Ba²+, Co²+, Cu²+, Fe²+, Mg²+, Zn²+, NH₄+, EDTA, L-cysteine, and 2-mercaptoethanol, while stimulated by DTT, O-phenanthroline, K+ and Li+. This enzyme was proposed to be an alginase specifically degrading alginic acid.