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Shin, Sangah,Saito, Eiko,Sawada, Norie,Ishihara, Junko,Takachi, Ribeka,Nanri, Akiko,Shimazu, Taichi,Yamaji, Taiki,Iwasaki, Motoki,Sasazuki, Shizuka,Inoue, Manami,Tsugane, Shoichiro,Tsugane, S.,Sawada, Elsevier 2018 Clinical nutrition Vol.37 No.3
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background & aims</B></P> <P>A finding between dietary pattern and cancer may provide visions beyond the assessment of individual foods or nutrients. We examined the influence of dietary pattern with colorectal cancer (CRC) among a Japanese population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A total of 93,062 subjects (43,591 men, 49,471 women) who participated in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study were followed from 1995–1998 to the end of 2012, during which 2482 cases of CRC (1514 men, 968 women) were newly identified. Dietary data was obtained from a validated food-frequency questionnaire between 1995 and 1998.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Three dietary pattern was derived from principal components factor: prudent, westernized, and traditional pattern. After controlled for potential confounders, the prudent pattern showed a decreased association of CRC risk in men (HR for highest quintile vs lowest: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.72–1.00; <I>P</I> trend <0.05), slightly more strongly with distal colon cancer (<I>P</I> trend <0.05); but an increased risk of rectal cancer in women (<I>P</I> trend <0.05). The westernized pattern showed a significant positive linear trend for colon (<I>P</I> trend <0.05) and distal cancer (<I>P</I> trend <0.05) in women. There was no apparent association of traditional Japanese dietary pattern on the overall or any specific sites risk of CRC.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>A prudent dietary pattern showed an inverse association with CRC risk in men, and a westernized pattern was related with a higher risk of colon and distal cancer in women.</P>
Butt, Julia,Varga, Matthew G.,Wang, Tianyi,Tsugane, Shoichiro,Shimazu, Taichi,Zheng, Wei,Abnet, Christian C.,Yoo, Keun-Young,Park, Sue K.,Kim, Jeongseon,Jee, Sun Ha,Qiao, You-lin,Shu, Xiao-Ou,Waterboe AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH INC 2019 CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH Vol.12 No.10
<P>Smoking is an established risk factor for gastric cancer development. In this study, we aimed to assess prospectively the association of smoking with gastric cancer risk in 1,446 non-cardia gastric cancer cases and 1,796 controls from China, Japan, and Korea with consideration of <I>Helicobacter pylori</I> infection as a potential effect modifier. Applying logistic regression models stratified by study and adjusted for age and sex we found that current, but not former, smoking was significantly associated with gastric cancer risk [OR = 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.65]. However, the association was significant only in <I>H. pylori</I> sero-positive individuals determined by 3 different sero-markers: overall sero-positivity, sero-positivity to the onco-protein CagA, and sero-positivity to the gastric cancer associated sero-marker HP0305 and HP1564. Specifically, a significant interaction was found when stratifying by HP0305/HP1564 (<I>P</I><SUB>interaction</SUB> = 0.01) with a 46% increased risk of gastric cancer among HP0305/HP1564 sero-positive current smokers (95% CI, 1.10–1.93) as opposed to no increased gastric cancer risk among HP0305/HP1564 sero-negative current smokers (OR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.65–1.33). We confirmed that current smoking is associated with an increased gastric cancer risk, however, only among individuals that are simultaneously sero-positive for the leading causal factor for gastric cancer, <I>H. pylori</I>.</P>
Design standard for fairway in next generation
Kohei OHTSU,Yasuo YOSHIMURA,Masayoshi HIRANO,Hironao TAKAHASHI,Masanori TSUGANE 한국항해항만학회 2006 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-
The depth, width and alignment of fairway that are main port water facilities should be designed considering the various elements including particulars of design ships, weather and sea conditions around fairway and method of ship-handling. However not only the existing Japanese design standard for fairway and also those of other countries do not take into consideration of such kind of elements and no design standard is made by quantitative analysis. In this circumstance the new design standard [Approach Channels, A Guide for Design] depending on classified various elements and quantitative analysis was proposed in 1997 by PIANC and IAPH. But it was proved that calculated values according to this standard were unfounded and had some problems to output the discontinuous value by small difference of calculation condition because the each value for each element was simply added. And also it is hard to apply this standard to the design of port water facilities in Japan because this [A Guide for Design] is the design standard for long channels in European port. The proposal of more reasonable Japanese standard will be expected by applying the study result of naval architecture and navigation and by the cooperation of ship operators to use fairway, naval architects to built ships and civil engineers to dredge fairway. The concept of a fairway in “Design standard for fairway in next generation" is defined as passage (or approach channel) and traffic lane designated by light buoys as navigable water for safe navigation. In “Design standard for fairway in next generation" depth, width and alignment are picked up among many design elements of a fairway. Design method for those elements is shown based on design ships and navigational environments. This standard shows the method of design for each dimension depending on characteristic on design ship and weather and sea condition. On the other hand, in case of existing fairway, it is possible to decide the size of ship and navigation criteria by opposite analysis.
Zheng, Wei,McLerran, Dale F.,Rolland, Betsy A.,Fu, Zhenming,Boffetta, Paolo,He, Jiang,Gupta, Prakash Chandra,Ramadas, Kunnambath,Tsugane, Shoichiro,Irie, Fujiko,Tamakoshi, Akiko,Gao, Yu-Tang,Koh, Woon Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS medicine Vol.11 No.4
<▼1><P>Wei Zheng and colleagues quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths for adults in Asia.</P><P><I>Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary</I></P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases. We sought to quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths in Asia, in parts of which men's smoking prevalence is among the world's highest.</P><P><B>Methods and Findings</B></P><P>We performed pooled analyses of data from 1,049,929 participants in 21 cohorts in Asia to quantify the risks of total and cause-specific mortality associated with tobacco smoking using adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. We then estimated smoking-related deaths among adults aged ≥45 y in 2004 in Bangladesh, India, mainland China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan—accounting for ∼71% of Asia's total population. An approximately 1.44-fold (95% CI = 1.37–1.51) and 1.48-fold (1.38–1.58) elevated risk of death from any cause was found in male and female ever-smokers, respectively. In 2004, active tobacco smoking accounted for approximately 15.8% (95% CI = 14.3%–17.2%) and 3.3% (2.6%–4.0%) of deaths, respectively, in men and women aged ≥45 y in the seven countries/regions combined, with a total number of estimated deaths of ∼1,575,500 (95% CI = 1,398,000–1,744,700). Among men, approximately 11.4%, 30.5%, and 19.8% of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases, respectively, were attributable to tobacco smoking. Corresponding proportions for East Asian women were 3.7%, 4.6%, and 1.7%, respectively. The strongest association with tobacco smoking was found for lung cancer: a 3- to 4-fold elevated risk, accounting for 60.5% and 16.7% of lung cancer deaths, respectively, in Asian men and East Asian women aged ≥45 y.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Tobacco smoking is associated with a substantially elevated risk of mortality, accounting for approximately 2 million deaths in adults aged ≥45 y throughout Asia in 2004. It is likely that smoking-related deaths in Asia will continue to rise over the next few decades if no effective smoking control programs are implemented.</P><P><I>Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary</I></P></▼2><▼3><P><B>Editors' Summary</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Every year, more than 5 million smokers die from tobacco-related diseases. Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (conditions that affect the heart and the circulation), respiratory disease (conditions that affect breathing), lung cancer, and several other types of cancer. All told, tobacco smoking kills up to half its users. The ongoing global “epidemic” of tobacco smoking and tobacco-related diseases initially affected people living in the US and other Western countries, where the prevalence of smoking (the proportion of the population that smokes) in men began to rise in the early 1900s, peaking in the 1960s. A similar epidemic occurred in women about 40 years later. Smoking-related deaths began to increase in the second half of the 20th century, and by the 1990s, tobacco smoking accounted for a third of all deaths and about half of cancer deaths among men in the US and other Western countries. More recently, increased awareness of the risks of smoking and the introduction of various tobacco control measures has led to a steady decline in tobacco use and in smoking-related diseases in many developed countries.</P><P><B>Why Was This Study Done?</B></P><P>Unfortunately, less well-developed tobacco control programs, inadequate public awareness of smoking risks, and tobacco company marketing have recently led to sharp increases in the prevalence of smoking in many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Asia. More than 50% of men in many Asian countries are now smokers, about tw
Validation of a Blood Biomarker for Identification of Individuals at High Risk for Gastric Cancer
Epplein, Meira,Butt, Julia,Zhang, Yang,Hendrix, Laura H.,Abnet, Christian C.,Murphy, Gwen,Zheng, Wei,Shu, Xiao-Ou,Tsugane, Shoichiro,Qiao, You-lin,Taylor, Philip R.,Shimazu, Taichi,Yoo, Keun-Young,Par American Association for Cancer Research 2018 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol.27 No.12
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P><I>Helicobacter pylori</I> is the leading cause of gastric cancer, yet the majority of infected individuals will not develop neoplasia. Previously, we developed and replicated serologic <I>H. pylori</I> biomarkers for gastric cancer risk among prospective cohorts in East Asia and now seek to validate the performance of these biomarkers in identifying individuals with premalignant lesions.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>This cross-sectional study included 1,402 individuals from Linqu County screened by upper endoscopy. <I>H. pylori</I> protein-specific antibody levels were assessed using multiplex serology. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prevalent intestinal metaplasia, indefinite dysplasia, or dysplasia, compared with superficial or mild atrophic gastritis.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Compared with individuals seronegative to Omp and HP0305, individuals seropositive to both were seven times more likely to have precancerous lesions (OR, 7.43; 95% CI, 5.59–9.88). A classification model for precancerous lesions that includes age, smoking, and seropositivity to <I>H. pylori</I>, Omp, and HP0305 resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.751 (95% CI, 0.725–0.777), which is significantly better than the same model, including the established gastric cancer risk factor CagA (AUC, 0.718; 95% CI, 0.691–0.746, <I>P</I><SUB>difference</SUB> = 0.0002).</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>The present study of prevalent precancerous gastric lesions provides support for two new serum biomarkers of gastric cancer risk, Omp and HP 0305.</P><P><B>Impact:</B></P><P>Our results support further research into the serological biomarkers Omp and HP0305 as possible improvements over the established virulence marker CagA for identifying individuals with precancerous lesions in East Asia.</P>
Weiderpass, Elisabete,Sandin, Sven,Lof, Marie,Oh, Jin-Kyoung,Inoue, Manami,Shimazu, Taichi,Tsugane, Shoichiro,Adami, Hans-Olov Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers [etc.] 2014 Nutrition and cancer Vol.66 No.7
<P>This study aimed to add to prospective data on the possible inverse association between coffee consumption and endometrial cancer risk, already supported by several case-control studies. Coffee and tea consumption and possible confounding factors were assessed among 42,270 women aged 30-49 years at enrollment in 1991-1992 in the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort study, with complete follow-up through 2009. We calculated caffeine intake per day; Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate multivariable relative risks (mRR) for endometrial cancer with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). One hundred forty-four endometrial cancers were diagnosed during follow-up. Women with and without endometrial cancer had a similar mean daily coffee consumption (549 vs. 547 g), tea consumption (104 vs. 115 g), and caffeine intake (405 vs. 406 mg). Compared to those consuming <2 cups of coffee per day, women consuming >3 cups had a mRR of 1.56 (95% CI: 0.94-2.59; P for trend = 0.17). Compared with the lowest tertile of caffeine intake, the highest tertile had a mRR of 1.32 (95% CI: 0.87-1.99; P for trend = 0.27). Our study provides no convincing evidence of an association between coffee consumption, tea consumption, or caffeine intake and endometrial cancer risk among middle-aged women.</P>
Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Titers Are Not Associated with Gastric Cancer Risk in East Asia
Varga, Matthew G.,Cai, Hui,Waterboer, Tim,Murphy, Gwen,Shimazu, Taichi,Taylor, Phil R.,Qiao, You-Lin,Park, Sue K.,Yoo, Keun-Young,Jee, Sun Ha,Cho, Eo Rin,Kim, Jeongseon,Abnet, Christian C.,Tsugane, Sh Springer-Verlag 2018 Digestive diseases and sciences Vol.63 No.10