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Atsushi Masuda,Minoru Akitomi,Masanao Inoue,Keizo Okuwaki,Atsuo Okugawa,Kiyoshi Ueno,Toshiharu Yamazaki,Kohjiro Hara 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.12
Processes for potential-induced degradation (PID) and recovery phenomena were characterized using ptype multicrystalline Si photovoltaic modules and by PID test method using Al plate. Very severe PID phenomena accompanied with a drastic reduction in both open-circuit voltage and shunt resistance were observed within only several hours. It was found that PID phenomena are strongly accelerated at higher temperature and under higher negative-voltage application, on the other hand, PID phenomena do not necessarily require high humidity in this test method using Al plate. Na diffusion from the cover glass to the Si cell was observed after PID test. Recovery process from PID was also observed by applying positive voltage. However, complete recovery of photovoltaic performances was observed at room temperature in the dark without positive-voltage application for test modules with PID although recovery process requires a few hundred days.
Bispectral index-guided propofol sedation during endoscopic ultrasonography
Ayana Okamoto,Ken Kamata,Takeshi Miyata,Tomoe Yoshikawa,Rei Ishikawa,Tomohiro Yamazaki,Atsushi Nakai,Shunsuke Omoto,Kosuke Minaga,Kentaro Yamao,Mamoru Takenaka,Yasutaka Chiba,Toshiharu Sakurai,Naoshi 대한소화기내시경학회 2022 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.55 No.4
Background/Aims: Bispectral index (BIS) monitors process and display electroencephalographic data are used to assess the depth ofanesthesia. This study retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of BIS monitoring during endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Methods: This study included 725 consecutive patients who underwent EUS under sedation with propofol. BIS monitoring was usedin 364 patients and was not used in 361. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) median dose of propofol; (2) respiratory and circulatorydepression; (3) occurrence of body movements; (4) awakening score >8 at the time; and (5) awakening score 2 hours afterleaving the endoscopy room. Results: The BIS group received a significantly lower median dose of propofol than the non-BIS group (159.2 mg vs. 167.5 mg;p=0.015) in all age groups. For patients aged ≥75 years, the reduction in heart rate was significantly lower in the BIS group than in thenon-BIS group (1.2% vs. 9.1%; p=0.023). Moreover, the occurrence of body movements was markedly lower in the BIS group than inthe non-BIS group (8.5% vs. 39.4%; p<0.001). Conclusions: During EUS examination, BIS monitoring is useful for maintaining a constant depth of anesthesia, especially in patients75 years of age or older.