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침식 모델을 이용한 공동체와 통제가 가능한 닫힌 계 처분 시설에서의 폐기물 안정화에 관한 연구
( Kazuei Ishii ),( Tohru Furuichi ),( Noboru Tanikawa ),( Takanori Honma ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2
일본에서는, 공동체와 통제가 가능한 닫힌 계 처분시설(CSDFs)이 제안되고, 건설되고 있다. CSDFs에서, 폐기물의 안정화는 살수(즉, 인공강우)와 같은 방법에 의해 촉진될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는, CSDFs에서 바닥재 층으로 살수하는 양과 비율, 빈도를 조사할 것을 제안하였다. 이 모델에서는, 고상과 고정된 액상 사이의 물질 이동이 고려되었다. 초기에 TOC의 용출 특성을 조사고, 나중에 모델에서의 매개변수를 결정하고, 모델의 유효성을 평가하기 위해 몇몇 칼럼 실험이 실행되었다. 계산된 값과 실측된 값의 일관성이 이 침식 모델이 이 실험 기간에 대해서는 확실함을 보여준다. 본 연구에 기초하여, TOC성분을 효과적으로 씻어내기 위해 바닥재 층의 함수량을 일정하게 유지하는 것이 바람직하다고 제안되었다. In Japan, community and controllable closed system disposal facilities (CSDFs) have been proposed and constructed. In CSDFs, waste stabilization can be promoted by methods such as the sprinkling of water (i.e. artificial rainfall). In this study, a washout model was proposed to investigate the amount, rate and frequency of water sprinkling onto bottom ash layers in CSDFs. In this model, mass transfer between solid and immobile water phases was considered. Some column experiments were carried out, initially to investigate the characteristics of elution of total organic carbon (TOC), and later to determine parameters in the model and to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. The consistency of calculated values with observed values showed that this washout model is valid for this experimental period. It is suggested, based on this study, that it might be desirable to keep the water content of the bottom ash layers constant, in order to wash out TOC constituents effectively.
( Kazuei Ishii ),( Tohru Furuichi ),( Noboru Tanikawa ),( Takanori Honma ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1
In Japan, community and controllable closed system disposal facilities (CSDFs) have been proposed and constructed. In CSDFs, waste stabilization can be promoted by methods such as the sprinkling of water (i.e. artificial rainfall). In this study, a washout model was proposed to investigate the amount,rate and frequency of water sprinkling onto bottom ash layers in CSDFs. In this model, mass transfer between solid and immobile water phases was considered. Some column experiments were carried out, initially to investigate the characteristics of elution of total organic carbon (TOC), and later to determine parameters in the model and to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. The consistency of calculated values with observed values showed that this washout model is valid for this experimental period. It is suggested, based on this study, that it might be desirable to keep the water content of the bottom ash layers constant, in order to wash out TOC constituents effectively.
ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR COUNTERMEASURES IN LANDFILL SITES
( Katsumi Kotani ),( Kazuei Ishii ),( Tohru Furuichi ),( Noboru Tanikawa ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1
Safe and reliable civil engineering structures are a necessary prerequisite for the construction of publicly acceptable landfill sites. However, since landfill sites consist of several technologies spanning the wide field of civil engineering, and because the technologies employed in the design and construction of landfill sites are not mature enough, technical troubles (problems) often occur at many landfill sites. It is necessary to investigate the specifics of problems, and to develop countermeasures for preventing problems occurring. This study has analyzed problems and the actual measures used in 48 problems occurring at landfill sites, in which we have been involved. Seven options for preventing the problems are proposed, and these have been evaluated using a survey of specialists in the design and construction of landfill sites. Analysis of the problems revealed that many occur in the construction and operational stages, but their causes originate in the planning and design stages. To prevent problems, the design of a landfill site should be suitable for the geographical and geological features at the site. In addition, effective management is important, and flexible measures should be in place for unexpected accidents in the construction and operational stages.
MONITORING OF METHANE IN AMBIENT AIR AS AN INDEX OF STABILIZATION AT LANDFILL SITES
( Noboru Tanikawa ),( Tomo Oikawa ),( Kazuei Ishii ),( Tohru Furuichi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1
Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) are well known as being the main landfill gases. We used continuous analyzers to measure CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O in ambient air and also the direction and velocity of the wind at a point near the landfill site to evaluate a simple method of measuring the emission of landfill gases. When there was a wind velocity over 2-3 m/s blowing from the landfill site to the measurement point, the atmospheric levels of CO<sub>2</sub> ranged from about 380 to 480 ppm, and the N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations ranged from about 0.30 to 0.33 ppm, similar to background levels m this urban area. However, the CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations were dependent on the direction and the velocity of the wind. When there was a wind blowing in from the landfill site, CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations were always higher than about 2 ppm, the value considered to be the urban background concentration. It was supposed that gas emitted from the landfill site caused this increase of CH<sub>4</sub> concentration. If the CH<sub>4</sub> concentration increase was approximately equal to zero, we could judge that the landfill gas emission had almost ceased. The continuous measurement of CH<sub>4</sub> in ambient air near a landfill site is clearly a simple and effective method for monitoring landfill gas emissions and the CH<sub>4</sub> concentration in ambient air may be usable as an index of the degree of stabilization of the landfill site.