Changes in English Language Teaching (ELT) Textbook Syllabuses in Korea Since 1994

Martin Todd 국제인문사회연구학회 2024 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.6 No.1

Changes in English Language Teaching (ELT) Textbook Syllabuses in Korea Since 1994 Martin Todd* Abstract: The textbook used in a foreign language course has a profound influence over what material is taught, when it is taught and how it is taught. It provides a structure and a syllabus for the program and may also help train inexperienced teachers. The syllabus of a textbook affects the content, the layout and the order of the materials in the textbook. The author looked at the evolution of university level English conversation textbook syllabuses over the last 30 years to see if there are trends that may relate to what was going on in Korea at that time. He did this by evaluating the syllabuses in sixteen English conversation textbooks he had collected over his time teaching in Korea. In the early 1990s, fueled by globalization, the Asian Games in Seoul and the Seoul Olympics, “English Fever” began to take hold of Korea, affecting Koreans’ perception of English, government policy, and the way English was being taught. The perception was that English teaching was failing in Korea, in large part due to the use of the grammar/translation method of teaching and a new emphasis was put on obtaining communicative competence. The author found some patterns. Notably, that the structural syllabus, although it did not increase in popularity, moved from being a primarily grammar based syllabus to having significant lexical input, probably because of the increase in corpus research enabled by the increasing computer power at the time. He also noted that the skill-based syllabus was used in almost all textbooks and became the dominant syllabus. Finally, he found that the syllabuses, since 2008, have converged, so that syllabuses from different publishers and different years were similar. This raises a concern that stakeholders may be getting complacent about examining the textbooks they have available and about the limitation of textbook choice among teachers. Key Words: Syllabus, Curriculum, Textbook, English Fever, English Language Teaching □ Received: Jan. 20, 2024, Revised: Feb. 13, 2024, Accepted: Feb. 20, 2024* Assistant Professor, Yongin Univ., Email: martinhtodd@gmail.com

Capture of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in traps baited with liquid versus solid formulations of male lures

Todd E. Shelly,Rick Kurashima,Jon Nishimoto,A. Diaz,J. Leathers,D. Joseph,M. War 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.4

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important agricultural pests of the Pacific region. Detection and control of these species rely largely on traps baited with malespecific attractants (parapheromones), namely methyl eugenol for B. dorsalis and cue lure for B. cucurbitae. Presently, these lures (plus naled, an insecticide) are applied in liquid form, although this procedure is timeconsuming,and naled as well as methyl eugenol may pose human health risks. Recently, a solid formulation (termed a wafer) has been developed that contains both male lures (plus DDVP, an insecticide), and here we present data from field tests in California and Hawaii that compare the effectiveness of liquid versus solid formulations of the lures in capturing marked, released males of these two Bactrocera species. For both species and in both California and Hawaii, traps baited with the solid formulation of the male lure captured similar or significantly more released flies than the liquid formulation for both fresh and aged baits. Traps in Hawaii also captured wild (unmarked) males of both B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae, and the results obtained for wild flies were similar to those recorded for released flies for both species. Collectively, the results presented suggest that the solid dispenser of the male lures constitutes a reliable substitute for the liquid formulation in detecting incipient Bactrocera outbreaks

Liquid biopsy: Where did it come from, what is it, and where is it going?

Todd M. Morgan 대한비뇨의학회 2019 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.60 No.3

[On This Topic] Queer/Korean Studies as Critique

Todd A. HENRY The Academy of Korean Studies 2018 Korea Journal Vol.58 No.2

Male lures and male mating competitiveness in a genetic sexing strain of the melon fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Todd E. Shelly 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.2

The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been used to suppress or eradicate populations of the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), a pest of various fruits and vegetables throughout Asia, Africa, and South Pacific Islands. The success of the SIT depends largely on the ability of released, sterile males to compete successfully with wild males for copulations with wild females. Unfortunately, both the sterilization process (via gamma irradiation) and artificial selection under mass-rearing conditions generally reduce the biological competence, including the mating competitiveness, of the released males. However, previous data on Z. cucurbitae show that irradiation has minimal adverse effects and prolonged mass-rearing may or may not result in decreased mating ability. The present study first confirms that neither irradiation nor mass-rearing had deleterious effects on male mating ability of males from a pupal-color, genetic sexing strain (termed T1). Then, the influence of male lures (cue-lure and its natural analogue raspberry ketone) on the mating success of sterile T1 males was measured as a potential pre-release procedure to improve the effectiveness of SIT. Feeding on cue-lure enhanced male mating success, but the effect was short-lived (1 d but not 3 d post-feeding). Feeding on raspberry ketone boosted mating success over a longer time, i.e., at least 5 d but not 10 d post-feeding. However, mixing raspberry ketone into the adult diet had no detectable effect on male mating performance. The implications of these results for SIT against Z. cucurbitae are discussed.

A Variational Framework for Image Super-Resolution and Its Applications

Todd Wittman 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.8

Image super-resolution is the process of combining multiple images into a single image that has higher resolution than any of the original images. We present a variational framework for fusing multiple co-registered images using the Total Variation (TV) and Mumford-Shah regularizations. We also propose an alternating minimization strategy for aligning and fusing multiple images in the case when the co-registration parameters are unknown. We discuss applications to video enhancement and present two novel applications to barcode scanning and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

A Non-woven Path: Electrospun Poly(lactic acid) Scaffolds for Kidney Tissue Engineering

Todd P. Burton,Anthony Callanan 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2018 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.15 No.3

Chronic kidney disease is a major global health problem affecting millions of people; kidney tissue engineering provides an opportunity to better understand this disease, and has the capacity to provide a cure. Two-dimensional cell culture and decellularised tissue have been the main focus of this research thus far, but despite promising results these methods are not without their shortcomings. Polymer fabrication techniques such as electrospinning have the potential to provide a non-woven path for kidney tissue engineering. In this experiment we isolated rat primary kidney cells which were seeded on electrospun poly(lactic acid) scaffolds. Our results showed that the scaffolds were capable of sustaining a multipopulation of kidney cells, determined by the presence of: aquaporin-1 (proximal tubules), aquaporin-2 (collecting ducts), synaptopodin (glomerular epithelia) and von Willebrand factor (glomerular endothelia cells), viability of cells appeared to be unaffected by fibre diameter. The ability of electrospun polymer scaffold to act as a conveyor for kidney cells makes them an ideal candidate within kidney tissue engineering; the non-woven path provides benefits over decellularised tissue by offering a high morphological control as well as providing superior mechanical properties with degradation over a tuneable time frame.

Performance-Based EMC Design Using a Maximum Radiated Emissions Calculator

Todd H. Hubing 한국전자파학회JEES 2013 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.13 No.4

Meeting electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements can be a significant challenge for engineers designing today’s electronic devices. Traditional approaches rely heavily on EMC design rules. Unfortunately, these design rules aren’t based on the specific EMC requirements for a particular device, and they don’t usually take into account the specific function of the circuits or the many design details that will ultimately determine whether the device is compliant. This paper describes a design methodology that relates design decisions to the product’s EMC requirements. The goal of performance-based EMC design is to ensure that electronic designs meet EMC requirements the first time the product is tested. More work needs to be done before this concept reaches its full potential, but electronic system designers can already derive significant benefit by applying this approach to products currently under development.

Capture of melon flies, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae), in a food-baited Multilure trap: Influence of distance, diet, and sex

Todd E. Shelly,Nicholas C. Manoukis 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1

Many countries operate trapping programs to detect invasions of pestiferous fruit fly species (Diptera:Tephritidae). Surveillance relies heavily on traps baited with male lures, which, while highly attractive, havelimited effectiveness, because (i) they are sex-specific and (ii) males of some species do not respond to the lurescurrently in use. For these reasons, detection programs also include food-baited traps that are neither sex- norspecies-specific. Compared to male lure-baited traps, however, few studies have measured the attractiveness offood-based traps. The present study describes a mark-release-recapture study conducted in a fruit orchard inHawaii that measured the attractiveness of a liquid protein hydrolysate-based (torula yeast/borax slurry) trap toadults of the melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett). Multiple release points were used at varying distancesfrom a single, central trap to generate estimates of distance-dependent capture probabilities. The potential influencesof sex and pre-release diet on capture probability were also examined. Flies were released at 14 d of ageand were maintained on one of four dietary regimes that offered a protein hydrolysate-rich diet for varyingintervals (i.e., 0, 3, 7, or 14 d, respectively). Recapture rates were similar between the sexes and over both sexesand all diets averaged 3.6%, 3.2%, and 0.6% for release distances of 10, 25, and 50 m, respectively. Pre-releasediet had a significant effect on recapture probability for releases at 10 and 25 m: flies fed sugar only or proteinhydrolysate-rich diet for only 3 d were captured more frequently than flies that had longer access to yeast extractprior to release.

Zingerone and themating success and field attraction ofmalemelon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Todd E. Shelly 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.1

Males ofmany Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) fruit fly species are attracted to either methyl eugenol (ME) or cue lure (CL) or its natural analogue raspberry ketone (RK). Recently, the compound zingerone (ZG) has also been shown to attract males of both ME- and CL/RK-responding Bactrocera species, and in the Queensland fruit fly, B. tryoni (Froggatt), males that fed on ZG had a mating advantage over non-fed males. The objective of this study was to determine whether ZG similarly enhanced mating success of CL/RK responding males of the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) and to assess the relative attractiveness of CL and ZG to Z. cucurbitae males in the field. ZG was provided in 5 different formulations, including that used in the aforementioned work on B. tryoni.Mating trials were conducted in walk-in field cages containing potted plants, and in all cases 80 ZGfed (treated) males competedwith 80 control (non-fed)males formatings with 80 females. Contrary to B. tryoni, ZG did not confer a mating advantage to Z. cucurbitae males: the numbers of matings procured by treated and control males did not differ significantly for any of the 5 ZG formulations tested. A mark-release-recapture study showed that CL-baited traps significantly more Z. cucurbitae males than ZG-baited traps,whichwere, however, more attractive than control traps lacking any lure.