http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Tectonics of the eastern Asia and the western Pacific as seen by GPS observations
Teruyuki Kato 한국지질과학협의회 2003 Geosciences Journal Vol.7 No.1
Instantaneous tectonic motions in the eastern Asiaand in the western Pacific have been measured by the Global Posi-tioning System. For this purpose, a continuous tracking networkin the area named as the Western Pacific Integrated Network ofGPS (WING) has been established. Obtained distribution of sitevelocities clearly suggests that oceanic plates such as Pacific andPhilippine Sea plates are moving mostly as rigid, while the conti-nental plate deforms considerably. Then, the Euler vector of thePhilippine Sea plate was estimated using GPS velocities at OkinoTorishima and other islands. In order to derive more detailedvelocity field in east Asia, many of published velocity fields werecombined so that they are consistent at the comonly occupiedsites in the least squares sense. Results clearly show tectonic col-lision of Indian subcontinent toward Eurasia. Moreover, it is evi-dent that the intruded lithosphere is extruding toward east showingacute bend of velocities in the north of Tibet. The effect of collisionlooks propagates towards far-east to Korea and Japan. Geograph-ical Survey Institute of Japan recently established a nationwidedense GPS array consisting of about 1000 permanent sites. Thevelocity field obtained from this network clearly portrays effects ofthe surrounding plates.
Kyuichi Yasui,Teruyuki Kozuka,Masaki Yasuoka,Kazumi Kato 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.67 No.10
There are two major categories in a thermoacoustic prime-mover. One is the traveling-wave type and the other is the standing-wave type. A simple analytical model of a standing-wave thermoacoustic prime-mover is proposed at relatively low heat-flux for a stack much shorter than the acoustic wavelength, which approximately describes the Brayton cycle. Numerical simulations of Rott’s equations have revealed that the work flow (acoustic power) increases by increasing of the amplitude of the particle velocity (|U|) for the traveling-wave type and by increasing cos for the standing-wave type, where is the phase difference between the particle velocity and the acoustic pressure. In other words, the standing-wave type is a phase-dominant type while the traveling-wave type is an amplitude-dominant one. The ratio of the absolute value of the traveling-wave component (|U|cos) to that of the standing-wave component (|U|sin) of any thermoacoustic engine roughly equals the ratio of the absolute value of the increasing rate of |U| to that of cos. The different mechanism between the traveling-wave and the standing-wave type is discussed regarding the dependence of the energy efficiency on the acoustic impedance of a stack as well as that on !, where ! is the angular frequency of an acoustic wave and is the thermal relaxation time. While the energy efficiency of the traveling-wave type at the optimal ! is much higher than that of the standing-wave type, the energy efficiency of the standing-wave type is higher than that of the traveling-wave type at much higher ! under a fixed temperature difference between the cold and the hot ends of the stack.