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Amara Nasir,Farha Masood,Tariq Yasin,Abdul Hameed 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.79 No.-
The scarcity of clean water is a global issue and poses serious challenges to the survival of all livingspecies. The membrane technology has gained a considerable attention to address this issue. The polymernanocomposite membranes (PNCMs) are the most favorable choice in the membrane technology. ThePNCMs are obtained by addition of nano-entities (fibrous, platelets, spherical) into the polymer matrix. These are low cost, eco-friendly, and energy efficient membrane materials with operationalflexibility andfeasibility. This review presents an overview of the progress in PNCMs for wastewater treatment. Different methods used for manufacturing nanocomposite membranes are discussed. Additionally, thesurface modification of nano-entities with different crosslinking agents to achieve their uniformdispersion within the polymer matrix to improve the mechanical, antibacterial, and adsorptionproperties of PNCMs has been discussed. At the end, the shortfalls and future prospective of polymernanocomposite membrane technology are highlighted.
Draz, Umar,Ali, Tariq,Zafar, Nazir Ahmad,Alwadie, Abdullah Saeed,Irfan, Muhammad,Yasin, Sana,Ali, Amjad,Khattak, Muazzam A. Khan Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2021 ETRI Journal Vol.43 No.3
In the task of data routing in Internet of Things enabled volatile underwater environments, providing better transmission and maximizing network communication performance are always challenging. Many network issues such as void holes and network isolation occur because of long routing distances between nodes. Void holes usually occur around the sink because nodes die early due to the high energy consumed to forward packets sent and received from other nodes. These void holes are a major challenge for I-UWSANs and cause high end-to-end delay, data packet loss, and energy consumption. They also affect the data delivery ratio. Hence, this paper presents an energy efficient watchman based flooding algorithm to address void holes. First, the proposed technique is formally verified by the Z-Eves toolbox to ensure its validity and correctness. Second, simulation is used to evaluate the energy consumption, packet loss, packet delivery ratio, and throughput of the network. The results are compared with well-known algorithms like energy-aware scalable reliable and void-hole mitigation routing and angle based flooding. The extensive results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the benchmark techniques.