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- 저자 : TRAVERS, Marc (검색결과 19 건)
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TRAVERS,Marc,KIM,Ki-Tai 嶺南大 海洋科學硏究所 1990 Marine Nature Vol.3 No.1
Measurements of pH and alcalinity have been carried out in two brackish lakes related to French Mediterranean Sea and compared with that of four river outlets and nearby seawater. The variations of pH are larger in brackish waters than in seawater and freshwater. Seasonal variations of pH depend on phytoplankton blooms. Values of pH are generally similar at 0 and 4m, but different at 7m. The estimates of pH ranged from 7.6 to 8.7 Etang de Berre (average: 8. 30), from 7.9 to 8.4 in marine water (average 8. 13) and form 7.6 to 8.4 in freshwater (average 7.98). The values of alcalinity from two brackish stations ranged from 2.54 to 3.36mEq.?? with a weighted average of 2.85mEq.??. They decrease during warm season when the flow of freshwater is very low.
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TRAVERS,Marc,Kim,Ki-Tai 嶺南大 海洋科學硏究所 1988 Marine Nature Vol.1 No.1
Taking the number of identified taxa as a basis. Diatoms highly prevail in all environments considered, with a maximal dominance in freshwater, and minimal in brackish water. On the contrary Chlorophytes, and Cyanobacteria in a lesser degree, are much more diversified in brackish water. Some species, notably Chlorophytes, seem specially well adapted to the very particular environment of the Etang of Berre.
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TRAVERS, Marc,KIM, Ki-Tai 영남대학교 해양과학연구소 1997 Marine Nature Vol.5 No.1
ABSTRACT :As a part of a study on ecology of phytoplankton in these environments, horizontal and vertical distributions of phosphate concentrations (P-P0₄) were studied in the contiguous waters of two brackish lakes (Etang de Berre and Etang de VaÏne), two areas of open sea water (near Carry-le-Rouet and in the Gulf of Fos), and the fresh waters of four river outlets (Touloubre, Durance, Durancole and Arc) during a two year period (1977-1978).Considerable variations of phosphate contents, in space and time, were observed in all environments,as consequences of fluctuations in mineral P supplies and their use by phytoplankton for primary production. Very rough estimates of average concentrations for P-P0₄(as ㎛oℓ·ℓ-¹,i.e.μatㆍgㆍl-1) were around 0.5 in Etang de Berre; 1.5 in Etang de Vame; 0.5 in Durance; 0.2 in Durancole; 6 in Touloubre; 12 in Arc and 0.2 in the sea.The total content of inorganic P in the water of Etang de Berre was approximately 15 tons. In that of Etang de Vaihe, it was about 4.7 tons. The total annual supply of P-P0₄ from the Touloubre River was estimated at 35 tons; from the Durance River : 110 tons; from the Durancole River: 2 tons; and from the Arc River: 200 tons.Phosphate freshwater supplies can limit lagoons primary production, but locally regenerated P seems to play here a much more important role.RESUME : A 1'occasion d'une etude ecologique du phytoplancton dans ces milieux, la réparation horizontale et verticale des teneurs en phosphate a été étudiée pendant deux ans (1977-1978) dans un ensemble de milieux aquatiques relées entre eux : les étangs saumâtres de Berre et VaÏne, les eaux marines du Goife de Fos et de la mer ouverte, et les eaux douces de la Touloubre, de la Durance, de la Durancole et de l'Arc arrivant dans 1'étang de Berre.Dans tous ces milieux, des variations considérables, dans 1'espace et dans le temps, ont été observées, qui dépendent des apports en P minéral et de son utilisation par le phytoplancton pour la production primaire. Des concentrations moyennes trés approximatives de P-P0₄(exprimées en ㎛oℓ·ℓ-¹i.e. en μatㆍgㆍl-1) peuvent etre estimées à 0,5 dans 1'étang de Berre; 1,5 dans 1'étang de VaÏne; 0,5 dans la Durance; 0,2 dans la Durançole; 6 dans la Touloubre; 12 dans l'Arc et 0,2 en mer.Le stock total moyen de phosphore inorganique était de 151 dans 1'étang de Berre et de 4,7t dans 1'étang de Vame. Les apports annuels totaux de P-P0₄ont éte estimés à environ 35t pour la Touloubre, 110t pour la Durance, 2 t pour la Durançole et 200 t pour l'Arc.Les apports fluviaux de phosphates semblent pouvoir constituer un facteur limitant de la production primairedes étangs, mais celle -ci dépend sans doute surtout du phosphore régéneré sur place.
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TRAVERS,Marc,KIM,Ki-Tai 嶺南大 海洋科學硏究所 1990 Marine Nature Vol.3 No.1
From December 1976 to December 1978 hydrological and planktonical researches, measurements of primary production and photosynthetic efficiency have been carried out in two brackish lakes: Etang de Berre and Etang de Vaine located in the north-west Mediterranean Sea and in the region of Carry-le-Rouet. about 25km East of the Estuary of the River Rhone near Marseilles. Physio-chemical and biological parameters were measured for this study: climatical parameters, water temperature, salinity, density, pH, alcalinity, dissolved oxygen(% saturation), phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, silicate, photosynthetic pigments, phaeopigments, specific composition and biomass of phytoplankton, primary pelagic production etc. This note is to be related with more detailed and specific ones yet published or to be published in this review or elsewhere. It presents general characters of environments and methods, as well as the main results obtained.
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TRAVERS, Marc,KIM,Ki-Tai 嶺南大 海洋科學硏究所 1995 Marine Nature Vol.4 No.1
The quantitative assessment of phytoplankton generally is made by microscopic counting of organisms, or chlorophyll a chlorophyll a measurement. However the meaning of this biomass indicator is too closely dependent on the highly variable volume of the ratio of chlorophyll to organic matter or carbon. It may be better to extend the advantages of microscopical examination of microalgae to the measurement of their cell dimensions. Then one can compute cell biovolume V(equivalent to true biomass), plasma volume VP('useful' biomass) and simultaneously cell surface area S and S/V ratio, other parameters bound to phytoplankton productivity and metabolism. But do these additional data really justify the important expenditure of time required by measurements and calculations? This problem is examined comparatively on phytoplankton from sea and from a neighbouring lagoon, with variable but usually very low salinity, and hence a strong prevalence of freshwater species. Data are given regarding more than 300 taxa and phytoplankton estimates during two years. The size of lagoon microalgae is generally more varied and smaller than that of marine species, with a S/V ratio twice higher on an average. Because of larger size variations in the lagoon, the image of plankton evolution as described by cell numbers, is more changed by the use also in the sea, as biomass estimates. With respect to V, the estimate of VP is only essential when diatoms participation is important, i.e. principally in the sea station here. La quantification du phytoplancton est habituellement realisee par denombrement des organismes au microscope ou par dosage de chlorophylle a. La signification de cet indice de biomasse est toutefois trop etroitement dependante de la valeur tres fluctuante du rapport entre chlorophylle et carbone ou matiere organique. Ⅱ peut etre preferable d'etendre les avantages de l'observation microscopique des microalgues a la mesure de leurs dimensions cellulaires. On calcule ensuite le biovolume cellulaire V(equivalant a la vraie biomasse), le volume plasmique VP(biomasse 'utlil') et, simultanement, la surface cellulaire Set le rapport S/V, autres parametres lies a la productivite et au metabolisme du phytoplancton. Mais ces informations supplementaires justifient-elles vraiment les importantes depemses supplementaires de temps exigees par ces evaluations? Ce probleme est examine comparativement sur du phytoplancton marin et sur le phytoplancton d'un etang proche, a salinite variable mais en general tres faible, ou abondent surtout les especes d'eau douce. Des donnees sont apportees sur plus de 300 taxons et sur l'evolution du phytoplancton pendant deux ans dans les deux ecosystemes etudies. Les microalgues de l'etang ont des tailles plus variees et generalement plus petites que le phytoplancton marin, avec un rapport S/V deux fois superieur en moyenne. Du fait de variations dimensionnelles plus importantes, c'est dans l'etang que la prise en compte des biovolumes modifie le plus les images de l'evolution obtenues par les denombrements. Le calcul des biovolumes est neanmoins utile en mer aussi, comme evaluation de biomasse. Par rapport a V, l'apport du calcul de VP n'est essentiel que lorsque la participation des Diatomees est importante, c'est-a-dire surtout en mer dans le cas present.
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TRAVERS, Marc,KIM,Ki-Tai 嶺南大 海洋科學硏究所 1995 Marine Nature Vol.4 No.1
The variations of pigment concentrations were studied by using fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods, in different kinds of waters near Marseille France (open sea water, two brackish lakes and freshwater of four river outlets) from January 1977 to December 1978. In addition to fluorometry, spectrophotometric analysis of chlorophylls a, b, and c₁+ c₂were made in order to compare the values of both methods, because occasional increases of chlorophyll b, resulting from blooms of Chlorophyceae and Cryptophyceae, could disturb the chlorophyll a results measured by the fluorometric method. In fact, the values of chlorophyll a analysis obtained by both methods have not shown any differences. The weighted average values of chlorophyll a and phaeopigments (over two years) resulted in : Carry-le-Rouet (Mediterranean Sea) : 0,59 and 0,15 ㎍·?? ; Gulf of Fos : 7,94 and 1,03 ; Etang de Berre: 12,17 and 2,18 ; Etang de Vaine : 26,92 and 3,25 ; Touloubre : 2,20 and 1,27 ; Durance : 4,20 and 0,55 ; Durancole 1,68 and 0,42 ; Arc : 6,55 and 1,45㎍·??. In brackish water (Etang de Berre and Etang de Vaine), the seasonal variations are very different from year to year as a consequence of the quantity of water received from the Durance. Pigment concentrations are generally very high on account of phytoplanktonic blooms by Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cryptophyceae. On the other hand, in freshwaters and marine waters, pigment concentrations are comparatively low and stable, showing slight annual variation. Parallelement aux denombrements et estimations volumetriques des organismes phytoplanctoniques, ont ete mesurees pendant deux ans, par fluorimetrie, les teneurs en chlorophylle a et pheopigments d'eaux douces, saumatres ou marines de la region de Marseille. En outre, pendant 8 mois, des dosages spectrophotometriques simultanes ont permis d'estimer les teneurs en chlorophylles b et c et de confirmer les donnees fluorimetreques pour la chlorophylle a. Dans tous les milieux les fluctuations des teneurs en chlorophylle a dans l'sepace et le temps presentent dans l'ensemble les memes tendances que celles decrites a partir de l'etude microscopique du phytoplancton. Toutefois les amplitudes de variation de la concentration de chlorophylle sont plus faibles que celles des densites de populations et se rapprochent davantage de celles des biovolumes ou plus encore de celles de surfaces cellulaires. Dans les eaux saumatres la chlorophylle b presente des teneurs relativement elevees, souvent superieures a celles des chlorophylles c, surtout lorsque les chlorophycees abondantes. La repartition des teneurs en pheopigments suit globalement celle de la chlorophylle a mais avec une variabilite plus forte. Ceci est encore plus marque pour les taux de pheopigments. La quantite de chlorophylle par cellule est sensiblement plus elevee en mer qu'en eau douce ou saumatre, essentiellement parce que la taille moyenne des cellules phytoplanctoniques est plus grande en mer. L'etude des pigments montre aussi des differences notables dans le phytoplancton des quatre cours d'eau etudies. Par exemple celui de la Touloubre est pauvre en chlorophylle a mais riche en pheopigments, alors que celui de la derivation de la Durance (canal EDF) presente des carcteristiques inverses.
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TRAVERS,Marc,KIM,Ki-Tai 嶺南大 海洋科學硏究所 1995 Marine Nature Vol.4 No.1
From July 1977 to December 1978, measurements of ATP (enzymatic method of Holm-Hansen modified by Laborde) were made in Mediterranean water (Carry-le-Rouet and gulf of Fos), in two eutrophic brackish lakes (Etang de Berre and Etang de Vaine) and in fresh waters of four river outlets (Touloubre, Durance, Durancole and Arc). The variations of the ATP level and its spatiotemporal distribution were studied and related to phytoplankton evaluations. The weighted average values of the ATP concentration and of the ratios of chlorophyll a to ATP are respectively as follows: Etang de Berre : 487ng·?? and 51 ; Etang de Vaine: 1462 and 25 ; Toulouber : 108 and 50 ; Durance : 65 and 170 ; Durancole : 48 and 49 ; Arc : 166 and 62 ; Gulf of Fos : 429 and 15.5 : seawater off Carry-le-Rouet : 84 and 11. The variations of ATP concentration were closely related to those of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton blooms only in marine waters. De juillet 1977 a decembre 1978, des mesures d'ATP(methode enzymatique de Holm-Hansen modifiee par Laborde) ont ete effectuees dans des eaux marines mediterraneennes (parages de Carry-le-Rouet et Golfe de Fos), dans des eaux saumatres eutrophisees (Etang de Berre et Etang de Vaine) et dans des eaux douces au debouche de quatre rivieres (Touloubre, Durance, Durancole et Arc). Les variations des teneurs en ATP et leurs distributions verticales et saisonnieres ont ete etudiees en fonction de plusieurs parametres hydrologiques et biologiques. Les moyennes ponderees des teneurs en ATP et du rapport chlorophylle a/ATP sont respectivement et pour chaque lieu : Etang de Berre: 487ng·?? et 51 ; Etang de Vaine : 1462ng·?? et 25 ; Touloubre : 108ng·?? et 50 ; Durance : 65ng·?? et 170 ; Durancole: 48ng·?? et 49 ; Arc : 166ng·?? et 62 ; Golfe de Fos : 429ng·?? et 15,5 ; parages de Carry-le-Rouet : 84ng·?? et 11. Les variations des teneurs en ATP sont etroitement correlees a celles de la chlorophylle a et aux poussees phytoplanctoniques en mer.
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