<i>CYP2D6</i> Genotype and Adjuvant Tamoxifen: Meta-Analysis of Heterogeneous Study Populations

Province, M A,Goetz, M P,Brauch, H,Flockhart, D A,Hebert, J M,Whaley, R,Suman, V J,Schroth, W,Winter, S,Zembutsu, H,Mushiroda, T,Newman, W G,Lee, M-T M,Ambrosone, C B,Beckmann, M W,Choi, J-Y,Dieudonn& C. V. Mosby 2014 Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Vol. No.

<P>The International Tamoxifen Pharmacogenomics Consortium was established to address the controversy regarding cytochrome P450 2D6 (<I>CYP2D6</I>) status and clinical outcomes in tamoxifen therapy. We performed a meta-analysis on data from 4,973 tamoxifen-treated patients (12 globally distributed sites). Using strict eligibility requirements (postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, receiving 20 mg/day tamoxifen for 5 years, criterion 1); CYP2D6 poor metabolizer status was associated with poorer invasive disease–free survival (IDFS: hazard ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval = 1.06, 1.47; <I>P</I> = 0.009). However, <I>CYP2D6</I> status was not statistically significant when tamoxifen duration, menopausal status, and annual follow-up were not specified (criterion 2, <I>n</I> = 2,443; <I>P</I> = 0.25) or when no exclusions were applied (criterion 3, <I>n</I> = 4,935; <I>P</I> = 0.38). Although <I>CYP2D6</I> is a strong predictor of IDFS using strict inclusion criteria, because the results are not robust to inclusion criteria (these were not defined <I>a priori</I>), prospective studies are necessary to fully establish the value of <I>CYP2D6</I> genotyping in tamoxifen therapy.</P>

Leading order analysis of neutrino induced dimuon events in the CHORUS experiment

CHORUS Collaboration,Kayis-Topaksu, A.,Onengut, G.,van Dantzig, R.,de Jong, M.,Oldeman, R.G.C.,Guler, M.,Kama, S.,Kose, U.,Serin-Zeyrek, M.,Tolun, P.,Catanesi, M.G.,Muciaccia, M.T.,Bulte, A.,Winter, K North Holland 2008 Nuclear Physics, Section B Vol. No.

We present a leading order QCD analysis of a sample of neutrino induced charged-current events with two muons in the final state originating in the lead-scintillating fibre calorimeter of the CHORUS detector. The results are based on a sample of 8910 neutrino and 430 antineutrino induced opposite-sign dimuon events collected during the exposure of the detector to the CERN Wide Band Neutrino Beam between 1995 and 1998. The analysis yields a value of the charm quark mass of m<SUB>c</SUB>=(1.26+/-0.16+/-0.09)GeV/c<SUP>2</SUP> and a value of the ratio of the strange to non-strange sea in the nucleon of κ=0.33+/-0.05+/-0.05, improving the results obtained in similar analyses by previous experiments.

PERCEIVED SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES: RETAIL MANAGERS’ INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVES

Jos Bartels,Machiel J. Reinders,Mariët A. van Haaster-de Winter 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.8

In the past few decades, much attention has been focused on corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Dahlrud, 2008; McWilliams & Siegel, 2001; Maignan & Ralston, 2002; Montiel, 2008), consumer responses to CSR initiatives (Brown & Dacin, 1997; Sen & Bhattacharya, 2001) and more recently, employee attitudes towards CSR (Kim et al., 2010; Michailides & Lipsett, 2012; Rupp et al., 2006; Zhu et al., 2012). Although awareness of environmental sustainability has increased over the past few decades, the current market share of sustainable products remains low. Because of their market position, large-scale and high- volume customer interactions (Vella et al., 2009), supermarkets appear to be appropriate venues for investigating perceived sustainability initiatives (Hampl & Loock, 2013). Our study examined the extent to which supermarkets are perceived to have embedded sustainability initiatives in their marketing strategies and to have taken sustainable tactical measures on the store floor. In addition, the study considered the roles played by social identification (as an indicator for intrinsic motives) and by perceived external prestige (as an indicator for extrinsic motives). Based on a literature review and semi-structured qualitative interviews with the chief executive officers (CEOs) of Dutch supermarkets (n = 8), we conducted an online panel survey among the managers of these supermarkets (n = 99). The results of the qualitative study show that although CEOs’ opinions differed regarding the relevance of sustainability, the majority of CEOs indicated that the implementation of a sustainability strategy is strongly dependent on the intrinsic motivation of board members, the family business in general or local entrepreneurs (supermarket managers). Specifically, the role of the supermarket manager was recognized as important concerning sustainability initiatives on the shop floor. The results of the quantitative study show the positive impacts of managers’ social identification with a sustainable consumer group and managers’ perceived external prestige on the perceived environmental sustainability initiatives of Dutch supermarkets. The study finds that managers’ social identifications are powerful ways to engender employee loyalty. Moreover, organizations that are perceived to have more external prestige are perceived as being more capable of developing sustainability policies.

PERCEIVED SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES: RETAIL MANAGERS’ INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVES

Jos Bartels,Machiel J. Reinders,Mari?t A. van Haaster-de Winter 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

In the past few decades, much attention has been focused on corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Dahlrud, 2008; McWilliams & Siegel, 2001; Maignan & Ralston, 2002; Montiel, 2008), consumer responses to CSR initiatives (Brown & Dacin, 1997; Sen & Bhattacharya, 2001) and more recently, employee attitudes towards CSR (Kim et al., 2010; Michailides & Lipsett, 2012; Rupp et al., 2006; Zhu et al., 2012). Although awareness of environmental sustainability has increased over the past few decades, the current market share of sustainable products remains low. Because of their market position, large-scale and high- volume customer interactions (Vella et al., 2009), supermarkets appear to be appropriate venues for investigating perceived sustainability initiatives (Hampl & Loock, 2013). Our study examined the extent to which supermarkets are perceived to have embedded sustainability initiatives in their marketing strategies and to have taken sustainable tactical measures on the store floor. In addition, the study considered the roles played by social identification (as an indicator for intrinsic motives) and by perceived external prestige (as an indicator for extrinsic motives). Based on a literature review and semi-structured qualitative interviews with the chief executive officers (CEOs) of Dutch supermarkets (n = 8), we conducted an online panel survey among the managers of these supermarkets (n = 99). The results of the qualitative study show that although CEOs’ opinions differed regarding the relevance of sustainability, the majority of CEOs indicated that the implementation of a sustainability strategy is strongly dependent on the intrinsic motivation of board members, the family business in general or local entrepreneurs (supermarket managers). Specifically, the role of the supermarket manager was recognized as important concerning sustainability initiatives on the shop floor. The results of the quantitative study show the positive impacts of managers’ social identification with a sustainable consumer group and managers’ perceived external prestige on the perceived environmental sustainability initiatives of Dutch supermarkets. The study finds that managers’ social identifications are powerful ways to engender employee loyalty. Moreover, organizations that are perceived to have more external prestige are perceived as being more capable of developing sustainability policies.

In Vitro Effects of Soy Phytoestrogens on Rat L6 Skeletal Muscle Cells

K.L. Jones,J. Harty,M.J. Roeder,T.A. Winters,W.J. Banz 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.3

Soy isoflavones display estrogenic activity in humans and animals, and thus are referred to as phytoestrogens.This study was performed to observe the effects of the soy isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and glycitein on cell cultures ofrat skeletal muscles. [3H]Thymidine incorporation was used to determine cell proliferation, while protein synthesis and degra-dation were determined by tracking radiolabeled leucine. For the proliferation studies, insulin, estradiol, genistein, daidzein,or glycitein was supplemented at 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 .M, respectively, or in combinationswith final concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 .M. Genistein reacted most similarly to estradiol, inhibiting proliferation at . 1.M (P. .001). A combination of phytoestrogens resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, but not to the extentobserved with genistein alone. For the protein synthesis and degradation experiments, treatments of 0.1 .M dexamethasoneor 1 .M concentrations of insulin, genistein, daidzein, or glycitein were used. Phytoestrogens did not inhibit or stimulate pro-tein degradation or synthesis (P. .05). A one-tailed univariate analysis of variance revealed a trend (P. .1) in protein stim-ulation with genistein and glycitein treatments. These results suggest that the tyrosine kinase inhibiting activity of genisteinmay be affecting phosphorylation of the mitosis-promoting factor, preventing the advancement of the mitotic cell cycle. Inaddition, at higher total combined concentrations, daidzein and glycitein may be able to outcompete genistein for receptorsites. These results suggest that soy isoflavones in the diet may potentially modulate normal growth and development in hu-mans and animals that ingest soy-based products.